Family Serranidae - Sea basses: groupers and fairy basslets | ||||
Order | : | Perciformes/Serranoidei | ||
Class | : | Teleostei | ||
No. in FishBase | : | Genera : 12 | Species : 102 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes | ||
Environment | : | Fresh : Yes | Brackish : Yes | Marine : Yes | ||
Division | : | Marine | ||
Aquarium | : | many | ||
First Fossil Record | : | lower Tertiary Eocene | Ref. Berg, L.S. 1958 | |
Remark | : | Distribution: Tropical and temperate oceans. Some enter freshwater. Operculum bearing 3 spines - a main spine with one below and one above it. Lateral line complete and continuous, not reaching onto caudal fin (lacking in one species). Dorsal fin may be notched, with 7-12 spines. Three spines on anal fin. Caudal fin usually rounded, truncate, or lunate; rarely forked. Tip of maxilla exposed even with mouth closed. No scaly axillary pelvic process. One spine on pelvic fin; soft rays 5. Branchiostegal rays usually 7. Vertebrae 24-26. Monoecious with some functional hermaphrodites; groupers are protogynous hermaphrodites. Anthiinae are mostly small colorful planktivores feeding primarily on tiny crustaceans and fish eggs. They change sex from females to a few dominant males. Despite their attractive colors they need zooplankton as food and are thus not well suited for aquariums. Groupers attain up to 3 m maximum length and weights of up to 400 kg. They are bottom-dwelling predators and highly commercial food fish. Groupers are hardy aquarium fish, but grow rapidly. Grammistinae get their name from a bitter tasting skin toxin, grammistin, which can kill other animals in an aquarium. They feed on crustaceans and fishes. Subfamilies Anthiinae, Epinephelinae (tribes Epinephelini, Niphonini, Liopropomatini, Diploprioni, Grammistini) and Serraninae (Ref. 39231). Synchronous hermaphroditism is primitive in relation to proterogyne hermaphroditism in the phylogenic evolution of Serranidae (Ref. 56921). | ||
Etymology | : | Latin, serranus = derived from saw, fish saw. 1803 ( Ref. 45335). | ||
Reproductive guild | : | nonguarders | ||
Typical activity level | : | normal | ||
Main Ref. | : | Nelson, J.S. 1994 | ||
Coordinator | : | Nelson, J.S. 1994 | ||
Deep Fin Classification | : | Osteichthyes | Actinopterygii | Actinopteri | Neopterygii | Teleostei | Osteoglossocephalai | Clupeocephala | Euteleosteomorpha | Neoteleostei | Eurypterygia | Ctenosquamata | Acanthomorphata | Acanthopterygii | Percomorphaceae | Eupercaria | | | Perciformes | Serranoidei | | Serranidae |
Important recommendation:
The list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions, which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist.
Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.
But we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference.
Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes (genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species.
This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names).
The list ordered as follows:
Please send comments and corrections if you detect errors or missing names.
Scientifc name | Status | Senior/Junior synonym | Combination |
---|---|---|---|
Serranus cabrilla (Linnaeus, 1758) | accepted | senior | new |
Perca cabrilla Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | original |
Paracentropristis cabrilla (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new |
! Serranus cabrila (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new |
Serranus knysnaensis Gilchrist, 1904 | synonym | junior | original |
Serranus scriba (non Linnaeus, 1758) | misapplied | misapplied | new |
Serranus hepatus (Linnaeus, 1758) | accepted | senior | new |
Labrus hepatus Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | original |
Paracentropristis hepatus (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new |
Labrus fasciatus Walbaum, 1792 | ambiguous | homonym | original |
Serranus scriba (Linnaeus, 1758) | accepted | senior | new |
Perca scriba Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | original |
Paracentropristis scriba (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new |
Perca marina Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | junior | original |
Holocentrus maroccanus Bloch & Schneider, 1801 | synonym | junior | original |
! Holocentrus moroccanus Bloch & Schneider, 1801 | synonym | junior | original |
Holocentrus argus Spinola, 1807 | synonym | junior | original |
Serranus papilionaceus Valenciennes, 1832 | synonym | junior | original |
Serranus tigrinus (Bloch, 1790) | accepted | senior | new |
Holocentrus tigrinus Bloch, 1790 | synonym | senior | original |
Serranus atrobranchus (Cuvier, 1829) | accepted | senior | new |
Centropristes atrobranchus Cuvier, 1829 | synonym | senior | original |
Serranus flaviventris (Cuvier, 1829) | accepted | senior | new |
Dules flaviventris Cuvier, 1829 | synonym | senior | original |
! Serranus flauviventris (Cuvier, 1829) | synonym | senior | new |
Serranus tabacarius (Cuvier, 1829) | accepted | senior | new |
Centropristes tabacarius Cuvier, 1829 | synonym | senior | original |
Serranus psittacinus Valenciennes, 1846 | accepted | senior | original |
Prionodes fasciatus Jenyns, 1840 | synonym | junior | original |
Serranus fasciatus (Jenyns, 1840) | synonym | junior | new |
Serranus calopteryx Jordan & Gilbert, 1882 | synonym | junior | original |
Serranus bulleri Boulenger, 1895 | ambiguous | questionable | original |
Serranus phoebe Poey, 1851 | accepted | senior | original |
Serranus luciopercanus Poey, 1852 | accepted | senior | original |
Serranus novemcinctus Kner, 1864 | accepted | senior | original |
Serranus subligarius (Cope, 1870) | accepted | senior | new |
Centropristis subligarius Cope, 1870 | synonym | senior | original |
Serranus atricauda Günther, 1874 | accepted | senior | original |
Paracentropristis atricauda (Günther, 1874) | synonym | senior | new |
Serranus annularis (Günther, 1880) | accepted | senior | new |
Centropristis annularis Günther, 1880 | synonym | senior | original |
Serranus aequidens Gilbert, 1890 | accepted | senior | original |
Serranus stilbostigma (Jordan & Bollman, 1890) | accepted | senior | new |
Prionodes stilbostigma Jordan & Bollman, 1890 | synonym | senior | original |
Serranus sanctaehelenae Boulenger, 1895 | accepted | senior | original |
Paracentropristis heterurus (non Cadenat, 1937) | misapplied | misapplied | original |
Serranus baldwini (Evermann & Marsh, 1899) | accepted | senior | new |
Prionodes baldwini Evermann & Marsh, 1899 | synonym | senior | original |
Serranus huascarii Steindachner, 1900 | accepted | senior | original |
! Serranus huascari Steindachner, 1900 | synonym | senior | original |
Serranus accraensis (Norman, 1931) | accepted | senior | new |
Neanthias accraensis Norman, 1931 | synonym | senior | original |
Novanthias accraensis (Norman, 1931) | ambiguous | other | new |
Serranus santaehelenae (non Boulenger, 1895) | misapplied | misapplied | misapplied |
Serranus notospilus Longley, 1935 | accepted | senior | original |
Serranus tortugarum Longley, 1935 | accepted | senior | original |
Serranus heterurus (Cadenat, 1937) | accepted | senior | new |
Paracentropristis heterurus Cadenat, 1937 | synonym | senior | original |
Serranus chionaraia Robins & Starck, 1961 | accepted | senior | original |
Serranus maytagi Robins & Starck, 1961 | accepted | senior | original |
Serranus socorroensis Allen & Robertson, 1992 | accepted | senior | original |
Serranus tico Allen & Robertson, 1998 | accepted | senior | original |
Serranus sp. Not applicable | synonym | other | other |
Serranus aliceae Carvalho Filho & Ferreira, 2013 | accepted | senior | original |
Serranus pulcher Wirtz & Iwamoto, 2016 | accepted | senior | original |
Serranus drewesi Iwamoto, 2018 | accepted | senior | original |
Serranus inexpectatus Wirtz & Iwamoto, 2018 | accepted | senior | original |
Serraniculus pumilio Ginsburg, 1952 | accepted | senior | original |
Centropristis philadelphica (Linnaeus, 1758) | accepted | senior | new |
Perca philadelphica Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | original |
Centropristis striata (Linnaeus, 1758) | accepted | senior | new |
Labrus striatus Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | original |
! Centropristes striatus (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new |
! Centropristes melanus Ginsburg, 1952 | synonym | junior | original |
Centropristis melana Ginsburg, 1952 | synonym | junior | original |
Centropristis rufus Cuvier, 1829 | accepted | senior | original |
! Centropristes rufus Cuvier, 1829 | synonym | senior | original |
Centropristis fuscula Poey, 1861 | accepted | senior | original |
! Centropristes fusculus Poey, 1861 | synonym | senior | original |
Serranus fusculus (Poey, 1861) | synonym | senior | new |
Centropristis ocyurus (Jordan & Evermann, 1887) | accepted | senior | new |
Serranus ocyurus Jordan & Evermann, 1887 | synonym | senior | original |
Dules auriga Cuvier, 1829 | accepted | senior | original |
Serranus auriga (Cuvier, 1829) | synonym | senior | new |
Diplectrum formosum (Linnaeus, 1766) | accepted | senior | new |
Perca formosa Linnaeus, 1766 | synonym | senior | original |
Diplectrum radiale (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) | accepted | senior | new |
Serranus radialis Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 | synonym | senior | original |
Diplectrum bivittatum (Valenciennes, 1828) | accepted | senior | new |
Serranus bivittatus Valenciennes, 1828 | synonym | senior | original |
Diplectrum conceptione (Valenciennes, 1828) | accepted | senior | new |
Serranus conceptionis Valenciennes, 1828 | synonym | senior | original |
Diplectrum macropoma (Günther, 1864) | accepted | senior | new |
Centropristis macropoma Günther, 1864 | synonym | senior | original |
Diplectrum mexicanum Hildebrand, 1948 | synonym | junior | original |
Diplectrum euryplectrum Jordan & Bollman, 1890 | accepted | senior | original |
Diplectrum sciurus Gilbert, 1892 | accepted | senior | original |
! Diplectrum sciuris Gilbert, 1892 | synonym | senior | original |
Diplectrum pacificum Meek & Hildebrand, 1925 | accepted | senior | original |
Diplectrum maximum Hildebrand, 1946 | accepted | senior | original |
Diplectrum eumelum Rosenblatt & Johnson, 1974 | accepted | senior | original |
Diplectrum labarum Rosenblatt & Johnson, 1974 | accepted | senior | original |
Diplectrum rostrum Bortone, 1974 | accepted | senior | original |
Paralabrax nebulifer (Girard, 1854) | accepted | senior | new |
Labrax nebulifer Girard, 1854 | synonym | senior | original |
Paralabrax humeralis (Valenciennes, 1828) | accepted | senior | new |
Serranus humeralis Valenciennes, 1828 | synonym | senior | original |
Serranus semifasciatus Guichenot, 1848 | synonym | junior | original |
Paralabrax semifasciatus (Guichenot, 1848) | synonym | junior | new |
Paralabrax albomaculatus (Jenyns, 1840) | accepted | senior | new |
Serranus albomaculatus Jenyns, 1840 | synonym | senior | original |
Gracila albomaculata (Jenyns, 1840) | synonym | senior | new |
Paralabrax clathratus (Girard, 1854) | accepted | senior | new |
Labrax clathratus Girard, 1854 | synonym | senior | original |
Paralabrax maculatofasciatus (Steindachner, 1868) | accepted | senior | new |
Serranus maculatofasciatus Steindachner, 1868 | synonym | senior | original |
Paralabrax callaensis Starks, 1906 | accepted | senior | original |
Paralabrax dewegeri (Metzelaar, 1919) | accepted | senior | new |
Serranus dewegeri Metzelaar, 1919 | synonym | senior | original |
Prionodes dewegeri (Metzelaar, 1919) | synonym | senior | new |
Paralabrax auroguttatus Walford, 1936 | accepted | senior | original |
Paralabrax loro Walford, 1936 | accepted | senior | original |
Hypoplectrus puella (Cuvier, 1828) | accepted | senior | new |
Plectropoma puella Cuvier, 1828 | synonym | senior | original |
Plectropoma vitulinum Poey, 1852 | synonym | junior | original |
Hypoplectrus vitulinus (Poey, 1852) | synonym | junior | new |
Hypoplectrus unicolor (non Walbaum, 1792) | misapplied | misapplied | new |
Hypoplectrus unicolor (Walbaum, 1792) | accepted | senior | new |
Perca unicolor Walbaum, 1792 | synonym | senior | original |
! Hypoplectus unicolor (Walbaum, 1792) | synonym | senior | new |
Plectropoma ephippium Cuvier, 1828 | synonym | junior | original |
Hypoplectrus chlorurus (non Cuvier, 1828) | misapplied | misapplied | new |
Hypoplectrus puella (non Cuvier, 1828) | misapplied | misapplied | new |
Hypoplectrus gummigutta (non Poey, 1851) | misapplied | misapplied | new |
Hypoplectrus indigo (non Poey, 1851) | misapplied | misapplied | new |
Hypoplectrus guttavarius (non Poey, 1852) | misapplied | misapplied | new |
Hypoplectrus nigricans (non Poey, 1852) | misapplied | misapplied | new |
Hypoplectrus aberrans (non Poey, 1868) | misapplied | misapplied | original |
Hypoplectrus gemma (non Goode & Bean, 1882) | misapplied | misapplied | original |
Hypoplectrus chlorurus (Cuvier, 1828) | accepted | senior | new |
Plectropoma chlorurum Cuvier, 1828 | synonym | senior | original |
! Hypoplectrus chlururus (Cuvier, 1828) | synonym | senior | new |
Hypoplectrus unicolor (non Walbaum, 1792) | misapplied | misapplied | new |
Hypoplectrus affinis (non Poey, 1861) | misapplied | misapplied | new |
Hypoplectrus gummigutta (Poey, 1851) | accepted | senior | new |
Plectropoma gummigutta Poey, 1851 | synonym | senior | original |
Hypoplectrus unicolor (non Walbaum, 1792) | misapplied | misapplied | new |
Hypoplectrus indigo (Poey, 1851) | accepted | senior | new |
Plectropoma indigo Poey, 1851 | synonym | senior | original |
Plectropoma bovinum Poey, 1852 | synonym | junior | original |
Hypoplectrus bovinus (Poey, 1852) | synonym | junior | new |
Hypoplectrus unicolor (non Walbaum, 1792) | misapplied | misapplied | new |
Hypoplectrus guttavarius (Poey, 1852) | accepted | senior | new |
Plectropoma guttavarium Poey, 1852 | synonym | senior | original |
Hypoplectrus guttavarium (Poey, 1852) | synonym | senior | new |
Plectropoma accensum Poey, 1852 | synonym | junior | original |
Hypoplectrus accensus (Poey, 1852) | synonym | junior | new |
Hypoplectrus pinnivaria Poey, 1868 | synonym | junior | original |
Hypoplectrus unicolor (non Walbaum, 1792) | misapplied | misapplied | new |
Hypoplectrus nigricans (Poey, 1852) | accepted | senior | new |
Plectropoma nigricans Poey, 1852 | synonym | senior | original |
Hypoplectrus unicolor (non Walbaum, 1792) | misapplied | misapplied | new |
Hypoplectrus affinis (Poey, 1861) | accepted | senior | new |
Plectropoma affine Poey, 1861 | synonym | junior | original |
Hypoplectrus chlorurus (non Cuvier, 1828) | misapplied | misapplied | new |
Hypoplectrus aberrans Poey, 1868 | accepted | senior | original |
Hypoplectrus unicolor (non Walbaum, 1792) | misapplied | misapplied | new |
Hypoplectrus maculiferus Poey, 1871 | accepted | senior | original |
Hypoplectrus gemma Goode & Bean, 1882 | accepted | senior | original |
Hypoplectrus providencianus Acero P. & Garzón-Ferreira, 1994 | accepted | senior | original |
Hypoplectrus maya Lobel, 2011 | accepted | senior | original |
Hypoplectrus randallorum Lobel, 2011 | accepted | senior | original |
Hypoplectrus castroaguirrei Del Moral Flores, Tello-Musi & Martínez-Pérez, 2012 | accepted | senior | original |
Hypoplectrus ecosur Victor, 2012 | accepted | senior | original |
Hypoplectrus floridae Victor, 2012 | accepted | senior | original |
Hypoplectrus atlahua Tavera & Acero, 2013 | accepted | senior | original |
Hypoplectrus liberte Victor & Marks, 2018 | accepted | senior | original |
Cratinus agassizii Steindachner, 1878 | accepted | senior | original |
Chelidoperca hirundinacea (Valenciennes, 1831) | accepted | senior | new |
Centropristis hirundinaceus Valenciennes, 1831 | synonym | senior | original |
! Chelidoperca hirundacea (Valenciennes, 1831) | synonym | senior | new |
Chelidoperca pleurospilus (Günther, 1880) | accepted | senior | new |
Centropristis pleurospilus Günther, 1880 | synonym | senior | original |
Chelidoperca investigatoris (Alcock, 1890) | accepted | senior | new |
Centropristis investigatoris Alcock, 1890 | synonym | senior | original |
Chelidoperca margaritifera Weber, 1913 | accepted | senior | original |
! Chelidoperca margaritifer Weber, 1913 | synonym | senior | original |
Chelidoperca africana Cadenat, 1960 | accepted | senior | original |
Serranus africanus (Cadenat, 1960) | synonym | senior | new |
Chelidoperca investigatoris (non Alcock, 1890) | misapplied | misapplied | new |
Chelidoperca occipitalis Kotthaus, 1973 | accepted | senior | original |
Chelidoperca investigatoris (non Alcock, 1890) | misapplied | misapplied | new |
Chelidoperca lecromi Fourmanoir, 1982 | accepted | senior | original |
Chelidoperca maculicauda Bineesh & Akhilesh, 2013 | accepted | senior | original |
Chelidoperca santosi Williams & Carpenter, 2015 | accepted | senior | original |
Chelidoperca margaritifera (non Weber, 1913) | misapplied | misapplied | original |
Chelidoperca stella Matsunuma & Motomura, 2016 | accepted | senior | original |
Chelidoperca tosaensis Matsunuma, Yamakawa & Williams, 2017 | accepted | senior | original |
Chelidoperca margaritifera (non Weber, 1913) | misapplied | misapplied | original |
Chelidoperca barazeri Lee, Lee, Matsunuma & Chen, 2019 | accepted | senior | original |
Chelidoperca cerasina Ogino, Lee, Chen & Matsunuma, 2019 | accepted | senior | original |
Chelidoperca sp. 3 (orange spot) Not applicable | synonym | other | other |
Chelidoperca leucostigmata Lee, Lee, Matsunuma & Chen, 2019 | accepted | senior | original |
Chelidoperca microdon Lee, Lee, Matsunuma & Chen, 2019 | accepted | senior | original |
Chelidoperca flavolineata Matsunuma, Tan & Peristiwady, 2020 | accepted | senior | original |
Chelidoperca sp. 2 Not applicable | synonym | other | other |
Chelidoperca flavimacula Psomadakis, Gon & Htut, 2021 | accepted | senior | original |
Chelidoperca sp. B Not applicable | synonym | other | other |
Chelidoperca formosa Tang & Ho, 2021 | accepted | senior | original |
Chelidoperca myathantuni Psomadakis, Gon & Htut, 2021 | accepted | senior | original |
Chelidoperca sp. A Not applicable | synonym | other | other |
Parasphyraenops atrimanus Bean, 1912 | accepted | senior | original |
Parasphyraenops incisus (Colin, 1978) | accepted | senior | new |
Serranus incisus Colin, 1978 | synonym | senior | original |
Schultzea beta (Hildebrand, 1940) | accepted | senior | new |
Serranus beta Hildebrand, 1940 | synonym | senior | original |
Schultzetta beta (Hildebrand, 1940) | synonym | senior | new |
Bullisichthys caribbaeus Rivas, 1971 | accepted | senior | original |