分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Salmoniformes (Salmons)
鮭形目 (Salmons) >
Salmonidae (Salmonids)
鮭科 (Salmonids) > Coregoninae
Etymology: Prosopium: Greek, prosopon = face (Ref. 45335); williamsoni: Named after Lieut. R. S. Williamson of the U.S. Pacific Railroad Exploration.
Eponymy: Lieutenant Robert Stockton Williamson (1825–1882) was an American soldier and engineer in the US Army Corps of Topographical Engineers. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Girard.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 底中水層性; 深度上下限 5 - 20 m (Ref. 1998), usually 5 - 6 m (Ref. 1998). 溫帶; ? - 23°C (Ref. 12741); 68°N - 39°N
North America: Mackenzie River drainage in Northwest Territory, Canada south through western Canada and northwestern USA in the Pacific, Hudson Bay and upper Missouri River basins to Truckee River drainage in Nevada and Sevier River drainage in Utah, USA.
北美洲: 領土西北部的麥肯茲河流域在加拿大南至在內華達州與在美國猶他州的 Sevier 河流域的太平洋, 哈得遜灣與 Truckee 河流域的密蘇里河流域上游的加拿大西部與在西北部的美國。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 23.4 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大體重: 2.9 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年齡: 17 年 (Ref. 72462)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 11 - 15; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 10 - 13; 脊椎骨: 53 - 61. Body slender, elongate, nearly cylindrical in cross section but variable, more compressed laterally than round whitefish. Head short; eye moderate, its diameter less than snout length; snout more or less pointed, compressed laterally, pinched, rounded in lateral view, a single flap of skin present between nostrils. Mouth small, ventral in position, overhung by snout; maxillaries extending posteriorly almost to anterior margin of eye in adults. Teeth small, restricted to a small patch on tongue and on gill rakers in adults, although small teeth may be present on the premaxillaries in young, but absent from jaws, vomer, palatines and pre maxillae in adults. Overall coloration silvery, but light or dark brown or olive on back, becoming silvery in sides and white below. Scales, specially on back, may have pigmented borders. dorsal fin often dusky, pelvic and pectoral fins in adults with amber tint.
身體細長的, 延長, 幾乎圓筒形的橫切面但是可變的, 更扁長形的側面地超過圓的白鯨。 頭部短; 眼中等的, 它的直徑少於吻的長度; 吻約略尖的, 扁長形的側面地, 掐了, 在側面中圓的, 一個皮蓋在鼻孔之間呈現。 嘴小的, 腹面位置, 吻懸在上面; 向後延伸的上頜骨幾乎到眼的前緣當成魚時。 齒小的, 侷限於在舌上的一個小塊而且在鰓耙上，當成魚時，雖然小的齒可能是位於前上頜骨之上當幼魚時, 但是顎，犛骨，顎骨與前小顎沒有出現當成魚時。 整體的顏色銀色的, 但是淡或深褐色或橄欖色背面, 在側邊中變成銀色與腹面白色的。 鱗片，特別地背面，可能有有顏色邊緣。 背鰭時常暗色的, 腹鰭與胸鰭在成魚有琥珀色的色彩。
Occurs in lakes and fast, clear or silty streams. Feeds mainly on benthic organisms such as aquatic insect larvae, mollusks, fishes, and fish eggs (including their own) but may feed on plankton and surface insects when the need arises (Ref. 1998).
出現於湖與快速的﹐清澈的或淤泥的溪流。 主要吃底棲的生物例如水生的昆蟲幼生，軟體動物，魚與魚卵 (包括他們自己的) 但是可能吃浮游生物與水面的昆蟲當需要時.(參考文獻 1998)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
北美洲: 領土西北部的麥肯茲河流域在加拿大南至在內華達州與在美國猶他州的 Sevier 河流域的太平洋, 哈得遜灣與 Truckee 河流域的密蘇里河流域上游的加拿大西部與在西北部的美國。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00501 (0.00409 - 0.00614), b=3.19 (3.14 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 6.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (tmax=14).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (55 of 100).
