分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays)
鰩目 (Stingrays) >
Dasyatidae (Stingrays)
土魟科 (Stingrays) > Dasyatinae
More on author: Lesueur.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 深度上下限 2 - 25 m (Ref. 55207), usually 2 - 6 m (Ref. 55207). 亞熱帶的; 39°N - 17°N, 100°W - 75°W (Ref. 55207)
Western Atlantic: Chesapeake Bay to southern Florida in the USA and the Gulf of Mexico. Records from South America doubtful (Ref. 7251).
西大西洋: 切薩皮克海灣到美國的佛羅里達南部與墨西哥灣。 來自南美洲的紀錄可疑的.(參考文獻 7251)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 22.0, range 22 - 23 cm
Max length : 61.0 cm WD 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 6902); common length : 27.0 cm WD 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 6902); common length :39 cm WD (female); 最大體重: 4.9 kg (Ref. 40637)
簡短描述
檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
Prominent triangular snout. Broadly rounded outer corners of disc. Upper surface brown or yellowish brown, paler toward margins of disc. Lower surface white (Ref. 6902). Few scapular spines. Middorsal row of spines present, but few on tail beyond pelvic fins (Ref. 7251).
突出的三角形的吻。 寬廣地圓的體盤的外角。 上表皮褐色或土黃色又灰白的體盤邊緣。 下表面白色.(參考文獻 6902) 少的肩胛骨棘。 棘的背面中央列呈現, 但是很少的在腹鰭之外的尾部上.(參考文獻 7251)
Adults inhabit coastal waters, including estuaries and lagoons (Ref. 12951) and ascend rivers (Ref. 12951). They feed on tube anemones, polychaete worms, small crustaceans, clams, and serpent stars (Ref. 12951). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Parturition occurs in July and August (Ref. 27549). Litters of 2-3 pups; gestation 4 months (Ref. 114953).
棲息於沿岸水域, 包括河口與潟湖。 (參考文獻 12951) 上溯到河川.(參考文獻 12951) 吃管卷曲異輻海葵，多毛類的蠕蟲，小型甲殼動物，蛤與蛇海星。 (參考文獻 12951) 卵胎生的.(參考文獻 50449)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).西大西洋: 切薩皮克海灣到美國的佛羅里達南部與墨西哥灣。 來自南美洲的紀錄可疑的.(參考文獻 7251)
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 21 June 2019
人類使用
漁業: 沒有興趣
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.2 - 27, mean 25.5 °C (based on 272 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00468 (0.00195 - 0.01123), b=3.12 (2.92 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.42 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (K=0.26-0.31; Fec assumed <10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 15.8 [2.1, 309.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.739 [0.068, 8.595] mg/100g; Protein = 22.3 [20.0, 24.4] %; Omega3 = 0.199 [0.062, 0.591] g/100g; Selenium = 14.8 [2.7, 68.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.9 [0.6, 69.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.726 [0.053, 8.530] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
