分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Petromyzonti >
Petromyzontiformes (Lampreys)
七鰓鰻目 (Lampreys) >
Petromyzontidae (Northern lampreys)
七鰓鰻科 (Northern lampreys) > Lampetrinae
Etymology: Lampetra: lambo (L.), to lick; petra (Gr.), rock or stone, referring to their suctorial behavior (adults attach to rocks during nest building and mating) (See ETYFish); ayresii: In honor of physician-ichthyologist William O. Ayres (1817-1887), founding member of the California Academy of Sciences, who described this species in 1855 but used a preoccupied name (Petromyzon plumbeus) (See ETYFish).
Eponymy: Dr William Orville Ayres (1817–1887) was an American ichthyologist, ornithologist and physician. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Günther.
Issue
The specific identity of Ammocoetes cibarius Girard 1858 cannot be established with certainty and could be either Lampetra ayresii or Entosphenus tridentatus (see that species’ account) (Ref. 89241).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 89241). 溫帶; 59°N - 37°N
Eastern Pacific: Tee Harbor, Alaska to Sacramento-San Joaquin drainage in California, USA. Freshwater resident population in Morrison Creek, Vancouver Island, British Columbia (Ref. 12269).
東太平洋: T字港灣，阿拉斯加州到加州的 Scaramento-San Joaquin 流域，美國。 在莫里森小溪，溫哥華島，卑詩省的淡水居留族群.(參考文獻 12269)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 16.2 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 28.1 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 1998); 31.1 cm TL (female); common length : 20.5 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12193)
簡短描述
檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
Distinguished by 2 large teeth on the supraoral bar, a large middle tooth on the tongue, 3 points (rarely 2) on each central lateral tooth plate, and the absence of posterial teeth (Ref. 27547). Anterior dorsal fin being lower than posterior, the fins separate in nonbreeding individuals but coming into contact at spawning; caudal fin lobes about equal, lower lobe joined to anal fin; anal fin virtually absent in males (Ref. 27547). Dark brown or brownish gray on sides and back; belly yellowish, silvery around head, gill openings and lower sides; caudal fin has a band of dark pigment inside its margins, symmetrical on each lobe (Ref. 27547). Other diagnostic features: Adults: 11.4-31.1 cm TL. Body wet weight in individuals 17.5-23.0 cm TL, 20-24 g. Body proportions, as percentage of TL (based on 68 specimens measuring 11.7-31.1 cm TL): prebranchial length, 10.9-14.1; branchial length, 7.8-11.8; trunk length, 45.9-55.9; tail length, 24.4-29.5; eye length, 2.3-4.3; disc length, 4.7-7.2. The urogenital papilla length, as a percentage of branchial length, in two spawning males measuring 17.4-18.7 cm TL, 10.3-12.5. Trunk myomeres, 60-71. Dentition: supraoral lamina, 2 unicuspid teeth; infraoral lamina, 7-10 teeth, the lateralmost often bicuspid, the others unicuspid; 3 endolaterals on each side; endolateral formula, typically 2-3-2, very rarely 2-2-2; 3 rows of anterials; first row of anterials, 4 unicuspid teeth; exolaterals absent; posterials absent; transverse lingual lamina, 12-17 unicuspid teeth, the median one greatly enlarged; longitudinal lingual laminae each with 9-12 unicuspid teeth. Velar tentacles, 3-5, with tubercles. Body coloration in marine waters (live), lead gray on dorsal and upper lateral aspects, silvery on the lateral aspect, and white on the ventral aspect. Body coloration (preserved), dorsal and lateral aspects brownish gray and ventral aspect whitish. Lateral line neuromasts unpigmented. Extent of caudal fin pigmentation, 25% to more than 75%. Caudal fin shape, spade-like or rounded. Oral fimbriae, 88-117. Oral papillae, 12-18 (Ref. 89241).
區別的特徵為 2了大的牙齒在嘴上的橫帶, 一個大的中央牙齒在舌上,3 點 (很少地 2) 在每個中央的側面齒碟上, 與那缺乏後面的齒.(參考文獻 27547) 前面的背鰭存在低於在後部, 鰭在非處於繁殖期的個體中分開但是在產卵變成接觸在一起; 尾鰭葉大約相等, 下葉連到了臀鰭; 臀鰭事實上不存在於雄性。 (參考文獻 27547) 深褐色或灰褐色在側面與背面上; 腹面淡黃色的, 銀色的頭部，鰓裂與下側的周圍; 尾鰭有一個條紋深色的在其內緣, 對稱地在每個葉上.(參考文獻 27547)
Anadromous. A permanent freshwater resident population is believed to occur in Morrison Creek, British Columbia. In marine waters, they inhabit surface waters. In fresh waters, they occur in lakes, rivers, and creeks. They leave rivers to enter the sea in late spring or early summer, where they actively feed throughout the summer, and return to the rivers in the fall (Ref. 89241). Parasitic adults are found in estuaries and the ocean, migrating to clear gravel riffles of streams to spawn (Ref. 5723). Ammocoetes burrow into the mud where they live for an unknown period and migrate to the sea only after transformation (Ref. 1998). Adults feed by ripping flesh from other fishes (Ref. 2850), ammocoetes feed on microscopic plants and animals just like other members of this family (Ref. 1998). Parasitism can take place at a length of 16.2 cm TL (Ref. 1998). Preyed upon by a number of fishes, e.g. lingcod, and birds (Ref. 1998). In the Sacramento River, California, the spawning season is thought to be from late April into May. Fecundity, 11,398-37,288 eggs/female. Egg diameter, 0.6-0.7 mm (Ref. 89241). Because of its small size, it is unlikely to pose a threat to economically important fish (Ref. 1998). Utilized fresh or smoked by some cultures (Ref. 27436).
寄生的成魚被發現於河口與被洄游至溪流到的清澈的碎石激流的海洋產卵.(參考文獻 5723) Ammocoetes 掘穴至泥內當它們在一個未知的生長期時而且只有在變態之後迴游到海洋。 (參考文獻 1998) 成魚藉著咬碎的肉覓食從其它的魚身上 (參考文獻 2850), ammocoetes 吃微小的植物與動物正好像其他的本科的成員.(參考文獻 1998) 寄生能發生在體長 16.2 公分TL.(參考文獻 1998) 被一些魚，例如似花卿魚的大魚與鳥捕食.。 (參考文獻 1998) 由於它的體型小, 它不可能造成對有經濟價值的魚威脅.(參考文獻 1998) 生鮮使用或被一些養殖煙燻.(參考文獻 27436)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Probably spawns in gravel, with an activity similar to Lethenteron japonicum (Ref. 1998).東太平洋: T字港灣，阿拉斯加州到加州的 Scaramento-San Joaquin 流域，美國。 在莫里森小溪，溫哥華島，卑詩省的淡水居留族群.(參考文獻 12269)
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 21 February 2012
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.6 - 11.7, mean 9.6 °C (based on 64 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5002 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00138 (0.00062 - 0.00310), b=2.97 (2.78 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.80 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Fec=11,398).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (21 of 100).
