Family Petromyzontidae - Northern lampreys | ||||
Order | : | Petromyzontiformes | ||
Class | : | Petromyzonti | ||
No. in FishBase | : | Genera : 8 | Species : 43 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes | ||
Environment | : | Fresh : Yes | Brackish : Yes | Marine : Yes | ||
Division | : | Peripheral/diadromous | ||
Aquarium | : | none | ||
First Fossil Record | : | lower Permian | Ref. Hardisty, M.W. 1986 | |
Remark | : |
Distribution: Mainly north hemisphere temperate zones of the world.
Size; larvae max 10 cm, adults max 120 cm. Habitat and ecology: Marine species anadromous. 'Parasitic' species (15 spp) live up to 3-5 years as adults and are either restricted to freshwater of are anadromous, feed mainly on either the blood or the flesh of fishes and marine mammals. The non-parasitic (21 spp) are restricted to freshwater and do not feed during adult life that lasts to less than a year (Ref. 117245) Land-locked, lake populations or species are common in the northern hemisphere, which also commonly appear as species pairs, with one species parasitic, and the other non-parasitic. The larval (ammocoete) stage is filter feeding, whereas the adult uses the sucker shaped mouth to attach to other fishes and feeds off the wound (feed on a variety of bony fishes, right whale Eubalaena glacialis, sharks like Cetorhinus maximus, Prionace glauca, Carcharhinus plumbeus, C. obscurus, Somniosus microcephalus Ref. 58185). Description: Jawless vertebrates with cartilaginous skeleton and notochord. Eel-like in shape; scales and paired fins absent; adults with well developed eyes; pouch-like gills not supported by gill arches; corneous teeth on the circular oral disk and the tongue; dorsal and ventral nerve roots separated; nasohypophyseal sac has an external opening only; intestinal tract with spiral valve and cilia; members of Petromyzontinae have the highest number of chromosomes (164-174) among vertebrates; 1 (genus Ichthyomyzon) or 2 (all other genera) dorsal fins; cloaca under the anterior half of the second dorsal fin; midgut of ammocoetes (at least in Entosphenus tridentatus, Lampetra fluviatilis, and Petromyzon marinus) does not possess a diverticulum; oral papillae present along the anterior and lateral edges of the oral disc, but absent from the posterior edge; all oral papillae of uniform size; oral fimbriae present around the entire perimeter of the oral disc; one supraoral lamina; labial teeth either pointed or rounded; eyes dorsolateral in immature and mature adults; fins separate in immature adults and contiguous in mature adults of genera with 2 dorsal fins; second dorsal fin/posterior lobe of the single dorsal fin confluent with (= continuous with) the caudal fin in ammocoetes as well as in immature and mature adults; one pair of kidney-shaped buccal glands; gular pouch, when present, small, never extending past the posterior edge of the eye. Reproduction: Sexes separate; eggs numerous (thousands), small and not yolky, buried in spawning redds excavated in clean, hard bottoms (litophilous broodhiders). Non-parasitic species breed immediately after metamorphosis. Parents die after spawning. The larval (ammocoetes) stage lives for several years in freshwater before undergoing a radical metamorphosis and then as a rule returns to the sea. Lampreys (together with hagfishes) are the most basal extant vertebrates. Definite fossil records date back to the upper Carboniferous, about 280 million years ago (Ref. 12268). Also from the Cretaceous of China from 125 million years ago and from the Devonian of South Africa from 360 million years ago. Ammocoetes and adults are used as bait in some areas. A number of species are used as food. Classification: The classification follows Ref. 89241 based on partial results of Ref. 89370 where Geotria and Mordacia are separated in two other distinct families (Ref. 89241, Ref. 58010). Hence the meaning of the subfamily Petromyzontinae is consequently changed. Petromyzontidae Petromyzontinae ((Petromyzon, 1 sp., Ichthyomyzon, 6 spp.) Lampetrinae (4 gen., 29 spp.) Geotriidae (Geotria, 1 sp.) Mordaciidae (Mordacia, 3 spp.) Other previous classifications were: Ref. 39873 Petromyzontidae Geotriidae (Geotria, 1 sp.; Mordacia, 3 spp.) Cited in Ref. 39873 Petromyzontidae Petromyzontinae Geotriinae (Geotria, 1 sp.; Mordacia, 3 spp.) |
||
Etymology | : | Latin, petra = stone + Greek, myzo = to suckle + Greek, odous, odontos = teeth ( Ref. 45335). | ||
Reproductive guild | : | nonguarders | ||
Typical activity level | : | |||
Main Ref. | : | Renaud, C.B. 2011 | ||
Coordinator | : | |||
Deep Fin Classification | : |
Important recommendation:
The list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions, which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist.
Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.
But we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference.
Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes (genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species.
This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names).
The list ordered as follows:
Please send comments and corrections if you detect errors or missing names.
Scientifc name | Status | Senior/Junior synonym | Combination | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Petromyzontinae | ||||
Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus, 1758 | accepted | senior | original | |
Lampetra marina (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new | |
Petromyzon ruber Lacepède, 1800 | ambiguous | questionable | original | |
Petromyzon lampetra Pallas, 1814 | synonym | junior | original | |
Petromyzon maximus Cuvier, 1816 | ambiguous | other | original | |
Petromyzon americanus Lesueur, 1818 | synonym | junior | original | |
Petromyzon nigricans Lesueur, 1818 | synonym | junior | original | |
Ammocoetes bicolor Lesueur, 1818 | synonym | junior | original | |
Petromyzon adriaticus Nardo, 1847 | ambiguous | questionable | original | |
Petromyzon maculosus Gronow, 1854 | synonym | junior | original | |
Petromyzon bairdii Gill, 1883 | synonym | junior | original | |
Batymyzon bairdii (Gill, 1883) | synonym | junior | new | |
Petromyzon marinus dorsatus Wilder, 1883 | synonym | junior | original | |
Oceanomyzon wilsoni Fowler, 1908 | synonym | junior | original | |
Petromyzon marinus unicolor Gage, 1928 | synonym | junior | original | |
Petromyzon concolor (non Kirtland, 1840) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Ichthyomyzon bdellium (Jordan, 1885) | accepted | senior | new | |
Petromyzon bdellium Jordan, 1885 | synonym | senior | original | |
Petromyzon nigrum Rafinesque, 1820 | ambiguous | other | original | |
Petromyzon argenteus Kirtland, 1838 | ambiguous | homonym | original | |
Ichthyomyzon castaneus Girard, 1858 | accepted | senior | original | |
Ichthyomyzon hirudo Girard, 1858 | synonym | junior | original | |
Ichthyomyzon fossor Reighard & Cummins, 1916 | accepted | senior | original | |
Ammocoetes unicolor DeKay, 1842 | synonym | junior | original | |
! Ammocoetes borealis Agassiz, 1850 | ambiguous | questionable | original | |
Ammocoetus borealis Agassiz, 1850 | ambiguous | questionable | original | |
Ichthyomyzon gagei Hubbs & Trautman, 1937 | accepted | senior | original | |
Ichthyomyzon greeleyi Hubbs & Trautman, 1937 | accepted | senior | original | |
Ichthyomyzon hubbsi Raney, 1952 | synonym | junior | original | |
Ichthyomyzon unicuspis Hubbs & Trautman, 1937 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Ammocoetes concolor Kirtland, 1840 | synonym | junior | original | |
Ammocoetus concolor Kirtland, 1840 | ambiguous | questionable | original | |
Petromyzon concolor (Kirtland, 1840) | ambiguous | homonym | new | |
Lampetrinae | ||||
Lampetra planeri (Bloch, 1784) | accepted | senior | new | |
Petromyzon planeri Bloch, 1784 | synonym | senior | original | |
Petromyzon septoeuil Lacepède, 1802 | synonym | junior | original | |
Petromyzon niger Lacepède, 1802 | synonym | junior | original | |
Petromyzon bicolor Shaw, 1804 | synonym | junior | original | |
Petromyzon plumbeus Shaw, 1804 | synonym | junior | original | |
Petromyzon caecus Couch, 1832 | ambiguous | questionable | original | |
Petromyzon anomalum De la Pylaie, 1835 | ambiguous | other | original | |
Petromyzon fluviatilis minor Smitt, 1895 | ambiguous | other | original | |
Petromyzon fluviatilis larvalis Smitt, 1895 | synonym | other | original | |
Lampetra fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) | accepted | senior | new | |
Petromyzon pricka Lacepède, 1798 | ambiguous | other | original | |
Petromyzon fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | original | |
Petromyzon branchialis Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | junior | original | |
Petromyzon argenteus Bloch, 1795 | synonym | junior | original | |
Petromyzon sanguisuga Lacepède, 1800 | synonym | junior | original | |
Petromyzon jurae MacCulloch, 1819 | synonym | junior | original | |
Petromyzon macrops Blainville, 1825 | ambiguous | questionable | original | |
Petromyzon argenteus Nardo, 1847 | ambiguous | homonym | original | |
Ammocoetes communis Gistel, 1848 | synonym | junior | original | |
Petromyzon omalii Beneden, 1857 | synonym | junior | original | |
Petromyzon fluviatilis f. major Smitt, 1895 | ambiguous | other | original | |
Lampetra opisthodon Gratzianov, 1907 | synonym | junior | original | |
Lampetra fluviatilis typica Berg, 1931 | synonym | junior | original | |
Lampetra fluviatilis f. praecox Berg, 1932 | ambiguous | other | original | |
Lampetra fluviatilis ladogensis Ivanova-Berg, 1966 | ambiguous | other | original | |
Lampetra ayresi (non Günther, 1870) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Lampetra aepyptera (Abbott, 1860) | accepted | senior | new | |
Ammocoetes aepyptera Abbott, 1860 | synonym | senior | original | |
Lethenteron meridionale Vladykov, Kott & Pharand-Coad, 1975 | synonym | junior | original | |
Lampetra ayresii (Günther, 1870) | accepted | senior | new | |
Petromyzon ayresii Günther, 1870 | synonym | senior | original | |
! Lampetra ayresi (Günther, 1870) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Lampetra eyresi (Günther, 1870) | synonym | senior | new | |
Petromyzon plumbeus Ayres, 1855 | ambiguous | other | original | |
Ammocoetes cibarius Girard, 1858 | synonym | junior | original | |
Lampetra cibaria (Girard, 1858) | synonym | junior | new | |
Lampetra fluviatilis (non Linnaeus, 1758) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Lampetra zanandreai Vladykov, 1955 | accepted | senior | original | |
Lampetra planeri zanandreai Vladykov, 1955 | synonym | senior | change in rank | |
Lethenteron zanandreai (Vladykov, 1955) | synonym | senior | new | |
Lampetra richardsoni Vladykov & Follett, 1965 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Lampetra richardsonii Vladykov & Follett, 1965 | synonym | senior | original | |
Petromyzon branchialis (non Linnaeus, 1758) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Lampetra planeri (non Bloch, 1784) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Lampetra lanceolata Kux & Steiner, 1972 | accepted | senior | original | |
Eudontomyzon lanceolata (Kux & Steiner, 1972) | synonym | senior | new | |
Lampetra pacifica Vladykov, 1973 | accepted | senior | original | |
Lampetra hubbsi (Vladykov & Kott, 1976) | accepted | senior | new | |
Entosphenus hubbsi Vladykov & Kott, 1976 | synonym | senior | original | |
Lampetra alavariensis Mateus, Alves, Quintella & Almeida, 2013 | accepted | senior | original | |
Lampetra auremensis Mateus, Alves, Quintella & Almeida, 2013 | accepted | senior | original | |
Lampetra lusitanica Mateus, Alves, Quintella & Almeida, 2013 | accepted | senior | original | |
Lampetra soljani Tutman, Freyhof, Dulčić, Glamuzina & Geiger, 2017 | accepted | senior | original | |
Entosphenus tridentatus (Richardson, 1836) | accepted | senior | new | |
Petromyzon tridentatus Richardson, 1836 | synonym | senior | original | |
Entosphenus tridentatus tridentatus (Richardson, 1836) | synonym | senior | new | |
Lampetra tridentata (Richardson, 1836) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Lampetra tridentatus (Richardson, 1836) | synonym | senior | new | |
Petromyzon ciliatus Ayres, 1855 | synonym | junior | original | |
Petromyzon lividus Girard, 1858 | synonym | junior | original | |
Petromyzon astori Girard, 1858 | ambiguous | questionable | original | |
Entosphenus epihexodon Gill, 1862 | synonym | other | original | |
Petromyzon epihexodon (Gill, 1862) | synonym | other | new | |
Entosphenus lethophagus (Hubbs, 1971) | accepted | senior | new | |
Lampetra lethophaga Hubbs, 1971 | synonym | senior | original | |
Entosphenus minimus (Bond & Kan, 1973) | accepted | senior | new | |
Lampetra minima Bond & Kan, 1973 | synonym | senior | original | |
Entosphenus folletti Vladykov & Kott, 1976 | accepted | senior | original | |
Lampetra folletti (Vladykov & Kott, 1976) | synonym | senior | new | |
Entosphenus similis Vladykov & Kott, 1979 | accepted | senior | original | |
Lampetra similis (Vladykov & Kott, 1979) | synonym | senior | new | |
Entosphenus macrostoma (Beamish, 1982) | accepted | senior | new | |
Lampetra macrostoma Beamish, 1982 | synonym | senior | original | |
! Entosphenus macrostomus (Beamish, 1982) | synonym | senior | new | |
Caspiomyzon wagneri (Kessler, 1870) | accepted | senior | new | |
Petromyzon wagneri Kessler, 1870 | synonym | senior | original | |
Agnathomyzon wagneri (Kessler, 1870) | synonym | senior | new | |
Agnathomyzon caspicus Gratzianov, 1907 | synonym | junior | original | |
Caspiomyzon hellenicus (Vladykov, Renaud, Kott & Economidis, 1982) | accepted | senior | new | |
Eudontomyzon hellenicus Vladykov, Renaud, Kott & Economidis, 1982 | synonym | senior | original | |
Caspiomyzon graecus (Renaud & Economidis, 2010) | accepted | senior | new | |
Eudontomyzon graecus Renaud & Economidis, 2010 | synonym | senior | original | |
Eudontomyzon danfordi Regan, 1911 | accepted | senior | original | |
Lampetra danfordi (Regan, 1911) | synonym | senior | new | |
Petromyzon danfordi (Regan, 1911) | synonym | senior | new | |
Lampetra minor Grossinger, 1794 | synonym | other | original | |
! Lampetra bergi Vladykov, 1925 | synonym | junior | original | |
Lampetra gracilis Kux, 1965 | synonym | junior | original | |
Eudontomyzon gracilis (Kux, 1965) | synonym | junior | new | |
Eudontomyzon mariae (Berg, 1931) | accepted | senior | new | |
Lampetra mariae Berg, 1931 | synonym | senior | original | |
! Eudontomyzon maria (Berg, 1931) | synonym | senior | new | |
Petromyzon ponticus Yashchenko, 1896 | ambiguous | other | original | |
Petromyzon branchialis (non Linnaeus, 1758) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Eudontomyzon stankokaramani (non Karaman, 1974) | misapplied | misapplied | change in rank | |
Eudontomyzon vladykovi stankokaramani (non Karaman, 1974) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Eudontomyzon morii (Berg, 1931) | accepted | senior | new | |
Lampetra morii Berg, 1931 | synonym | senior | original | |
Eudontomyzon vladykovi Oliva & Zanandrea, 1959 | provisionally accepted | senior | change in rank | |
Eudontomyzon danfordi vladykovi Oliva & Zanandrea, 1959 | synonym | senior | original | |
Eudontomyzon mariae vladykovi Oliva & Zanandrea, 1959 | synonym | senior | change in species | |
Eudontomyzon stankokaramani Karaman, 1974 | provisionally accepted | senior | change in rank | |
Eudontomyzon vladykovi stankokaramani Karaman, 1974 | synonym | senior | original | |
Lethenteron appendix (DeKay, 1842) | accepted | senior | new | |
Petromyzon appendix DeKay, 1842 | synonym | senior | original | |
Lampetra appendix (DeKay, 1842) | synonym | senior | new | |
Petromyzon lamottenii Lesueur, 1827 | ambiguous | questionable | original | |
Lampetra lamottenii (Lesueur, 1827) | ambiguous | questionable | new | |
! Entheromyzon lamottei (Lesueur, 1827) | ambiguous | questionable | new | |
! Lampetra lamottei (Lesueur, 1827) | ambiguous | questionable | new | |
! Lampetra lamotteni (Lesueur, 1827) | ambiguous | questionable | new | |
Lampetra wilderi Gage, 1896 | synonym | junior | original | |
Lethenteron camtschaticum (Tilesius, 1811) | accepted | senior | new | |
Petromyzon marinus camtschaticus Tilesius, 1811 | synonym | senior | original | |
Lampetra camtschatica (Tilesius, 1811) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Lethenteron camshchaticum (Tilesius, 1811) | synonym | senior | new | |
Lampetra variegata Tilesius, 1811 | ambiguous | other | original | |
Petromyzon lumbricalis Pallas, 1814 | synonym | junior | original | |
Petromyzon borealis Girard, 1858 | synonym | junior | original | |
Lampetra borealis (Girard, 1858) | synonym | junior | new | |
Petromyzon japonicus Martens, 1868 | synonym | junior | original | |
Entosphenus japonicus (Martens, 1868) | synonym | junior | new | |
Lampetra fluviatilis japonica (Martens, 1868) | synonym | junior | new | |
Lampetra japonica (Martens, 1868) | synonym | junior | new | |
Lethenteron japonicum (Martens, 1868) | synonym | junior | new | |
! Entosphenus lamottei japonicus (Martens, 1868) | synonym | junior | new | |
Petromyzon kameraticus Dybowski, 1869 | ambiguous | other | original | |
Petromyzon ernstii Dybowski, 1872 | synonym | junior | original | |
Ammocoetes aureus Bean, 1881 | synonym | junior | original | |
Lampetra aurea (Bean, 1881) | synonym | junior | new | |
Petromyzon dentex Anikin, 1905 | synonym | junior | original | |
Lampetra mitsukurii major Hatta, 1911 | synonym | junior | original | |
Lampetra japonica septentrionalis Berg, 1931 | synonym | junior | original | |
! Petromyzon fluvialis Linaaeus, 1758 | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Lampetra kessleri (non Anikin, 1905) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Lethenteron reissneri (Dybowski, 1869) | accepted | senior | new | |
Petromyzon reissneri Dybowski, 1869 | synonym | senior | original | |
Entosphenus reissneri (Dybowski, 1869) | synonym | senior | new | |
Lampetra reissneri (Dybowski, 1869) | synonym | senior | new | |
Lethenteron mitsukurii (Hatta, 1901) | accepted | senior | new | |
Lampetra mitsukurii Hatta, 1901 | synonym | junior | original | |
Lampetra mitsukurii minor Hatta, 1911 | synonym | junior | original | |
Lethenteron matsubarai Vladykov & Kott, 1978 | synonym | junior | original | |
Lethenteron kessleri (Anikin, 1905) | accepted | senior | new | |
Petromyzon kessleri Anikin, 1905 | synonym | senior | original | |
Entosphenus kessleri (Anikin, 1905) | synonym | senior | new | |
Lampetra japonica kessleri (Anikin, 1905) | synonym | senior | new | |
Lampetra kessleri (Anikin, 1905) | synonym | senior | new | |
Lethenteron japonicum kessleri Anikin, 1905 | synonym | senior | change in rank | |
Lethenteron matsubarai (non Vladykov & Kott, 1978) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Lethenteron alaskense Vladykov & Kott, 1978 | accepted | senior | original | |
Lampetra alaskensis (Vladykov & Kott, 1978) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Lampetra alaskanse (Vladykov & Kott, 1978) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Lampetra alaskense (Vladykov & Kott, 1978) | synonym | senior | new | |
Lethenteron ninae Naseka, Tuniyev & Renaud, 2009 | accepted | senior | original | |
Lampetra ninae (Naseka, Tuniyev & Renaud, 2009) | synonym | senior | new | |
Tetrapleurodon spadiceus (Bean, 1887) | accepted | senior | new | |
Lampetra spadicea Bean, 1887 | synonym | senior | original | |
Tetrapleurodon geminis Álvarez, 1966 | accepted | senior | original | |
Lampetra geminis (Álvarez, 1966) | synonym | senior | new |