分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Petromyzonti >
Petromyzontiformes (Lampreys)
七鰓鰻目 (Lampreys) >
Petromyzontidae (Northern lampreys)
七鰓鰻科 (Northern lampreys) > Petromyzontinae
Etymology: Ichthyomyzon: ichthys, fish; myzon (Gr.), to suck (borrowed from Petromyzon), i.e., a sucking fish, referring to their suctorial behavior (See ETYFish); fossor: Latin for digger, referring to how ammocoetes burrow into silt and sand (See ETYFish).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 居於水底的. 溫帶; 14°C - 26°C (Ref. 89241); 50°N - 37°N
North America: St. Lawrence River, Quebec, west through Great Lakes and northern Mississippi River basin to Red River (Hudson Bay basin), south Manitoba; localized in Ohio River basin of northwest Pennsylvania, west Virginia, east Kentucky, north and south central Ohio and north Indiana; Missouri River basin.
北美洲: 聖勞倫斯河 , 魁北克,向西經過五大湖與北方的密西西比河流域到紅河 (哈得遜灣流域) ，曼尼托巴南方部; 集中在賓州西北部，維吉尼亞西方部的俄亥俄河流域，東的肯塔基州，北方與俄亥俄州中南部與印地安那州北方部了; 密蘇里河流域。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 13.5 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 17.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5723); common length : 13.4 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大年齡: 6 年 (Ref. 72462)
簡短描述
檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
Adults: 8.6-16.6 cm TL. Body proportions, as percentage of TL (based on 59 specimens measuring 9.8-15.8 cm TL): prebranchial length, 7.4-9.9; branchial length, 8.7-11.9; trunk length, 46.7-54.6; tail length, 27.7-33.7; eye length, 1.0-2.0; disc length, 3.6-6.4. The urogenital papilla length, as a percentage of branchial length, in 25 spawning males measuring 9.9-14.95 cm TL, 6.7-21.7. Trunk myomeres, 47-58. Dentition: supraoral lamina, 1-4 unicuspid teeth, usually 2; infraoral lamina, 6-11 teeth, usually unicuspid but one may be bicuspid; 4 endolateral teeth on each side; 0-1, strong mode of 0, bicuspid endolaterals in total, the other endolaterals unicuspid; 1-3 rows of anterials; first row of anterials, 3 unicuspid teeth; 1-5 rows of exolaterals on each side, usually 3-4; 2-3 rows of posterials; first row of posterials, 10-11 unicuspid teeth; crest of transverse lingual lamina strongly w-shaped and with either indistinct or about 20 small cusps, the median one not enlarged; longitudinal lingual laminae with 17 cusps each. Marginal membrane vestigial. A small gular pouch is present in both males and females. Velar tentacles, 1-2, smooth. Body coloration (preserved) in adults darker (grayish brown) on the dorsal and upper lateral aspects and lighter (pale gray or silvery white) on the lower lateral and ventral aspects, giving a distinctly bicolored appearance. Lateral line neuromasts unpigmented. Extent of caudal fin pigmentation, 25% to more than 75%. Caudal fin shape, rounded.
Freshwater. Generally associated with warmwater habitats and tolerant of variation in terms of discharge, water temperature, and substrate. Mainly inhabits warmwater, isolated segments of moderate-sized to large streams with summer flows 0.03-31 m3/s, summer water temperatures 14-25.6 ˚C (Ref.89241). Adults inhabit clean, clear gravel riffles and runs of small rivers. Ammocoetes occur in quiet water over sand, silt and debris (Ref.1998). Metamorphosis occurs in late August to September, in Michigan and extends to early October in Québec (Ref. 89241). Non-parasitic, the adults and possibly the larger ammocoetes in the resting stage do not feed (Ref. 1998). Adults live less than 6 months. In Michigan, the spawning period is from 13 May to 6 July, at water temperatures between 12.8-23.3 ˚C, with peak spawning activity in late May to mid-June. In Québec, spawning occurs in May, at water temperatures between 12.8-17.2 °C, peaking at temperatures between 13.3-15.6 °C. Nests are usually in the open and are poorly defined, but have also been found downstream of large stones 18-36 cm in diameter, or on a patch of gravel downstream of a submerged log. The nests are found in streams having 3.5-8 m width, 10-61 cm depth, and 0.1-0.6 m3/s flow. Up to 13 spawning lampreys have been found in a nest. There are reported occurrences in Michigan of communal spawning of Northern Brook Lamprey with Silver Lamprey (Pine River), and of Northern Brook Lamprey with Sea Lamprey (Devils River). Fecundity, 1,200 eggs/female. During spawning, adults preyed upon by Ambloplites rupestris. In the Laurentian Great Lakes Basin, it has been negatively affected by control measures directed towards Petromyzon marinus, except for the chemosterilization of males, which affects only the latter species. Vladykov (1949) reported that in the province of Québec, Canada, fishermen use ammocoetes as bait for sportfishes (Ref. 89241).
成魚棲息於乾淨的, 清澈的碎石激流與小河的激流。 Ammocoetes 出現在在沙子，淤泥與殘礫上的靜止水域。 非寄生, 成魚與可能地在其他部分階段的較大的 ammocoetes 不進食.(參考文獻 1998)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
北美洲: 聖勞倫斯河 , 魁北克,向西經過五大湖與北方的密西西比河流域到紅河 (哈得遜灣流域) ，曼尼托巴南方部; 集中在賓州西北部，維吉尼亞西方部的俄亥俄河流域，東的肯塔基州，北方與俄亥俄州中南部與印地安那州北方部了; 密蘇里河流域。
Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott, 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (20):183 p. (Ref. 3814)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 17 February 2012
人類使用
誘餌: occasionally
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00107 (0.00040 - 0.00284), b=3.03 (2.80 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.7 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (tm=tmax=6; Fec=1,200).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
