分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Siluriformes (Catfishes) >
Clariidae (Airbreathing catfishes)
Etymology: Heterobranchus: Greek, heteros = other + Greek, brangchia = gill (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 居于水底的; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 10 - ? m (Ref. 7248). 熱帶; 22°C - 23°C (Ref. 2059); 25°N - 22°S, 16°W - 40°E
Africa: Nile, Congo system, upper and middle Zambezi (Ref. 3820). Reported from Lake Rukwa and the lower Zambezi (Ref. 95585). Also from Lakes Tanganyika and Edward (Ref. 7248). In West Africa known from the Gambia, Upper Senegal, Niger, Benue, Lake Chad, Volta, and coastal basins from Guinea to Nigeria, including the delta of Niger and the Cross river (Ref. 57129). In Lower Guinea present in the Cross and Sanaga in Cameroon and the Ogowe in Gabon (Ref. 81644).
非洲: 尼羅河，尼日，塞內加爾，剛果河流域, 上游與中游的尚比西河。 也從坦噶尼喀湖與愛德華湖 (參考文獻 7248) ，甘比亞與貝努埃河，查德與佛塔河流域 , 與幾內亞到奈及利亞的海岸流域.(參考文獻 7357)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 150 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4967); 最大体重: 55.0 kg (Ref. 7248)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 26 - 35; 臀鳍软条: 42 - 52; 脊椎骨: 55 - 61. Diagnosis: length of rayed dorsal fin 27-36% standard length; 26-35 dorsal-fin rays (Ref. 57129, 81644). Length of adipose fin 24-34% standard length (Ref. 57129, 81644), about equal to the length of the rayed dorsal fin (Ref. 28714). Width of vomerine tooth plate 25.0-32.2%, and width of premaxillary tooth plate 29.5-36.9% head length (Ref. 57129, 81644). Pectoral spine with strong, downward-pointed serrations on the anterior side (Ref. 270, 57129, 81644). Length of pectoral fin 12.7-18.0% SL (mean 16) (Ref. 81644). Posterior part of adipose fin blackish (Ref. 4967, 57129). Caudal fin with a whitish cross-bar (Ref. 57129). Head long, broad and somewhat rectangular in dorsal outline (Ref. 270), its length 28.4-35.9% SL (Ref. 81644). Snout broadly rounded; eyes superolateral in position; frontal fontanelle long and narrow; occipital fontanelle oval-shaped; tooth plates wide; suprabranchial organ well developed; caudal fin barred; openings of secondary canals hardly visible but display a regular pattern (Ref. 270).
头部长的, 宽的与略微矩形的在背部的轮廓中; 吻宽广地圆的; 眼睛有侧面上方的位置。 额骨囱门长而狭窄的; 后头骨囱门椭圆形的。 广阔地的齿板。 鳃前的器官发展良好的。 胸棘深锯齿状的在前面侧边。 脂鳍有黑色的较后面的部分, 几乎长达背鳍;(参考文献 4967) 尾鳍条纹。 第二感觉管的开口很难看见但是显示一个普通的型态。
Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); An uncommon species which inhabits large rivers (Ref. 4967). Largest freshwater species in southern Africa; occurs in large deep rivers within the mainstream or in deep pools and lakes or backwaters (Ref. 7248, 78218). Most active at night, feeding on any available food, including invertebrates and insects when small, fish and other small vertebrates when large; scavenges off large carcasses and offal from riverside villages; live for 12 or more years (Ref. 7248). Maximum reported size for West Africa and Lower Guinea: 610 mm TL (Ref. 57129, 81643).
居住于大河的一个稀有的种.(参考文献 4967) 非洲南部中最大的淡水种是。 出现于主流里面的极深处河或在深水池与湖中。 最活跃在晚上, 吃任何的有用食物，包括无脊椎动物与昆虫当小的时候, 鱼与其他的小脊椎动物当大的时候。 清理来自河岸村庄的外海的大残骸与碎肉。 活到 12个或更多数年。 (参考文献 7248)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
非洲: 尼羅河，尼日，塞內加爾，剛果河流域, 上游與中游的尚比西河。 也從坦噶尼喀湖與愛德華湖 (參考文獻 7248) ，甘比亞與貝努埃河，查德與佛塔河流域 , 與幾內亞到奈及利亞的海岸流域.(參考文獻 7357)
Teugels, G.G., B. Denayer and M. Legendre, 1990. A systematic revision of the African catfish genus Heterobranchus Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire, 1809 (Pisces: Clariidae). Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 98:237-257. (Ref. 270)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 养殖: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00776 (0.00607 - 0.00993), b=2.93 (2.86 - 3.00), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.66 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 10.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.11; tmax > 11; Fec > 10,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (69 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 51.6 [22.9, 102.5] mg/100g; Iron = 1.02 [0.53, 1.99] mg/100g; Protein = 16.9 [15.4, 18.6] %; Omega3 = 0.248 [0.091, 0.639] g/100g; Selenium = 131 [55, 297] μg/100g; VitaminA = 19.2 [6.5, 51.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.06 [0.68, 1.56] mg/100g (wet weight);
