Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut batipelagis. Deep-water
Circumglobal in the tropical through temperate Mediterranean Sea, Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans.
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 118 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 2713)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 0; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 120 - 150; Duri dubur: 0; Sirip dubur lunak: 0; vertebrata, bertulang belakang: 62 - 69. Young silvery in color with around 6 vertical bars on dorsal part of body and 4 on ventral part; tail with around 6 complete black bars; caudal fin blackish, base of fin pale (Ref. 2713). Adults silver grey in color but paler ventrally; dorsal fin scarlet; caudal fin reddish black, darker distally (Ref. 2713).
Oceanic (Ref. 26340) and mesopelagic species. Adults feed on small fishes and squids (Ref. 6392). Oviparous, with planktonic eggs and larvae (Ref. 36610). Swim with head up (Ref. 36731). Maximum depth reported in Ref. 36610 is 90m. Other references should be looked for.
Bauchot, M.-L., 1987. Poissons osseux. p. 891-1421. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3397)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15.7 - 28.9, mean 26.5 °C (based on 3260 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7510 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00180 - 0.00842), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.60 se; based on food items.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): Rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 4.5 - 14 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (86 of 100).