Issue
Muraena augusti (Kaup, 1856) is considered as a valid species by Jiménez et al. (2007: Ref. 58348). Page to be created soon.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut berasosiasi dengan karang; kisaran kedalaman 1 - 801 m (Ref. 58348), usually 100 - 300 m (Ref. 58348). Subtropical; 52°N - 13°N, 32°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: south of British Isles to Senegal, including the Mediterranean, Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands, and Cape Verde.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm 75.5, range 69 - ? cm
Max length : 150 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 12382); common length : 80.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 3397); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 6.5 kg (Ref. 58348); Umur maksimum dilaporkan: 38 Tahun (Ref. 58348)
A nocturnal and territorial species (Ref. 12382), commonly lurking in holes, and writhing snakelike through crevices, under rocks or corals. Feeds on fish, crabs and squid (Ref. 12382). It seldom attacks unless provoked (Ref. 3256). A gonochoristic species (Ref. 32169). Utilized fresh and eaten broiled, boiled and baked; the skin can be used for leather (Ref. 9987).
Migrate to offshore waters to spawn (Ref. 98745).
Smith, D.G. and E.B. Böhlke, 1990. Muraenidae. p. 136-148. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4450)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
ancaman kepada manusia
Traumatogenic (Ref. 4690)
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil; Akuarium: Akuarium publik
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13.1 - 16.2, mean 14.4 °C (based on 181 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5010 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00056 (0.00048 - 0.00066), b=3.27 (3.23 - 3.31), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.61 se; based on food items.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sangat rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum lebih dari 14 tahun (tmax=38.1; tm=7.1; K=0.078).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (79 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (53 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 11.6 [5.8, 23.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.433 [0.231, 0.841] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [17.0, 21.8] %; Omega3 = 0.193 [0.077, 0.603] g/100g; Selenium = 40.8 [19.0, 84.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 42.5 [12.0, 154.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.452 [0.295, 0.682] mg/100g (wet weight);
