分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings)
鯡目 (Herrings) >
Engraulidae (Anchovies)
鯷科 (Anchovies) > Engraulinae
Etymology: Engraulis: Greek, eggraulis, -eos = anchovy (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水; 深度上下限 31 - 70 m (Ref. 58489). 亞熱帶的; 20°S - 47°S, 109°E - 177°W (Ref. 189)
Southwest Pacific: Australia (from Queensland at about Cape Capricorn south to southern Tasmania; entire southern coast of Australia, except for Great Australian Bight, and north to Shark Bay, Western Australia), including Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island; and New Zealand (most of the North Island and all but the southeast coast of the South Island).
西南太平洋: 澳洲 (從昆士蘭省於大約岬摩羯座南至南方的塔斯梅尼亞; 澳洲的整個南部海岸, 除了大澳洲灣, 而且北至鯊魚灣，西澳大利亞), 包括羅得豪島與諾福克島; 而且紐西蘭 (大部分的島北方部與所有的除了島南方部的東南海岸之外).
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 6.5, range 6 - 7 cm
Max length : 15.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 33832); common length : 12.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9822); 最大年龄: 6 年 (Ref. 6390)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 13 - 18; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 17 - 19; 脊椎骨: 40 - 48. Hardly differs from the European anchovy (E. encrasicolus) and can be identified from that description. For most of its range it is the only anchovy present, but in the extreme north it may overlap with species of Encrasicholina or Stolephorus, which have small needle-like scutes before the pelvic fins; species of Thryssa have compressed bodies and a keel of scutes along the belly.
刚刚有别于欧洲的 鱼 ( E. encrasicolus) 而且能从那描述被鉴定。 对于他大部分的分布范围，它是唯一的 鱼存在的, 但是在极端的北方中它可能与 Encrasicholina 或者 Stolephorus 的种重叠, 哪里有小的针状鳞甲在腹鳍之前; Thryssa 的种有扁长形的身体，而且一个鳞甲的龙骨脊沿着腹面。
Found mostly inshore: chiefly in bays, inlets and estuaries, sometimes in low salinities. Older individuals tend to move out to sea in winter and back in the spring. Forms compact schools much preyed upon by larger fishes, common dolphins and birds. Feeds on plankton. Spawns in inlets, bays and also estuaries, probably throughout the year but mainly in late spring to early autumn and especially about November to February. The eggs are ellipsoidal. Utilized as fish paste.
大部分配现于近海: 主要地在海湾，小水湾与河口中, 有时在低的盐度。 年纪较大的个体倾向外移至海洋冬天时而且春天时回来。 形成紧密的鱼群被较大的鱼，一般的海豚与鸟大量捕食。 吃浮游生物。 产卵在小水湾，海湾以及河口, 一整年都有可能但是主要在春末到秋初与尤其大约十一月到二月。 卵是椭圆体的。 用来作鱼浆了。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Spawns in inlets, bays and estuaries.西南太平洋: 澳洲 (從昆士蘭省於大約岬摩羯座南至南方的塔斯梅尼亞; 澳洲的整個南部海岸, 除了大澳洲灣, 而且北至鯊魚灣，西澳大利亞), 包括羅得豪島與諾福克島; 而且紐西蘭 (大部分的島北方部與所有的除了島南方部的東南海岸之外).
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 诱饵: usually
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14.3 - 24, mean 17.1 °C (based on 72 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00457 (0.00213 - 0.00980), b=3.12 (2.95 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.0 ±0.00 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 2.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (K=0.39; tm=1; tmax=6).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (25 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 213 [100, 489] mg/100g; Iron = 1.3 [0.6, 3.0] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [17.5, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.838 [0.500, 1.399] g/100g; Selenium = 12.4 [5.6, 24.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 19.9 [5.6, 69.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.47 [0.94, 2.25] mg/100g (wet weight);
