分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings)
鯡形目 (Herrings) >
Engraulidae (Anchovies)
鯷科 (Anchovies) > Engraulinae
Etymology: Engraulis: Greek, eggraulis, -eos = anchovy (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水; 深度上下限 31 - 70 m (Ref. 58489). 亞熱帶的; 20°S - 47°S, 109°E - 177°W (Ref. 189)
Southwest Pacific: Australia (from Queensland at about Cape Capricorn south to southern Tasmania; entire southern coast of Australia, except for Great Australian Bight, and north to Shark Bay, Western Australia), including Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island; and New Zealand (most of the North Island and all but the southeast coast of the South Island).
西南太平洋: 澳洲 (從昆士蘭省於大約岬摩羯座南至南方的塔斯梅尼亞; 澳洲的整個南部海岸, 除了大澳洲灣, 而且北至鯊魚灣，西澳大利亞), 包括羅得豪島與諾福克島; 而且紐西蘭 (大部分的島北方部與所有的除了島南方部的東南海岸之外).
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 6.5, range 6 - 7 cm
Max length : 15.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 33832); common length : 12.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9822); 最大年齡: 6 年 (Ref. 6390)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 13 - 18; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 17 - 19; 脊椎骨: 40 - 48. Hardly differs from the European anchovy (E. encrasicolus) and can be identified from that description. For most of its range it is the only anchovy present, but in the extreme north it may overlap with species of Encrasicholina or Stolephorus, which have small needle-like scutes before the pelvic fins; species of Thryssa have compressed bodies and a keel of scutes along the belly.
剛剛有別於歐洲的鯷魚 ( E. encrasicolus) 而且能從那描述被鑑定。 對於他大部分的分佈範圍，它是唯一的鯷魚存在的, 但是在極端的北方中它可能與 Encrasicholina 或者 Stolephorus 的種重疊, 那裡有小的針狀鱗甲在腹鰭之前; Thryssa 的種有扁長形的身體，而且一個鱗甲的龍骨脊沿著腹面。
Found mostly inshore: chiefly in bays, inlets and estuaries, sometimes in low salinities. Older individuals tend to move out to sea in winter and back in the spring. Forms compact schools much preyed upon by larger fishes, common dolphins and birds. Feeds on plankton. Spawns in inlets, bays and also estuaries, probably throughout the year but mainly in late spring to early autumn and especially about November to February. The eggs are ellipsoidal. Utilized as fish paste.
大部分發現於近海: 主要地在海灣，小水灣與河口中, 有時在低的鹽度。 年紀較大的個體傾向外移至海洋冬天時而且春天時回來。 形成緊密的魚群被較大的魚，一般的海豚與鳥大量捕食。 吃浮游生物。 產卵在小水灣，海灣以及河口, 一整年都有可能但是主要在春末到秋初與尤其大約十一月到二月。 卵是橢圓體的。 用來作魚漿了。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Spawns in inlets, bays and estuaries.西南太平洋: 澳洲 (從昆士蘭省於大約岬摩羯座南至南方的塔斯梅尼亞; 澳洲的整個南部海岸, 除了大澳洲灣, 而且北至鯊魚灣，西澳大利亞), 包括羅得豪島與諾福克島; 而且紐西蘭 (大部分的島北方部與所有的除了島南方部的東南海岸之外).
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 18 July 2018
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 誘餌: usually
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14.3 - 24, mean 17.1 °C (based on 72 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00457 (0.00213 - 0.00980), b=3.12 (2.95 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.0 ±0.00 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 2.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (K=0.39; tm=1; tmax=6).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (25 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 213 [100, 489] mg/100g; Iron = 1.3 [0.6, 3.0] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [17.5, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.838 [0.500, 1.399] g/100g; Selenium = 12.4 [5.6, 24.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 19.9 [5.6, 69.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.47 [0.94, 2.25] mg/100g (wet weight);
