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> Ophidiiformes (Cusk eels) > Bythitidae (Livebearing brotulas)
Etymology: Grammonus: Greek, gramma = signal, mark + Greek, onos = hake.
More on authors: Smith & Radcliffe.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ökologie

seewasser bathydemersal; tiefenbereich 45 - 345 m (Ref. 34024). Deep-water

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Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea, Japan, East China Sea, and the Philippines.

Size / Gewicht / Alter

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 21.0 cm SL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 559)

Kurzbeschreibung Bestimmungsschlüssel | Morphologie | Morphometrie

Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 0; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 75 - 87; Afterflossenstacheln: 0; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 50 - 62. Body color reddish-brown. Head large and broad. Scales present on head. Opercular spine small, but with a sharp pointed tip. Attains 21 cm SL.

Uncommon species found on soft bottom (Ref. 34024). Ref. 9942 gives maximum depth to be 1,260 m.

Life cycle and mating behavior Geschlechtsreife | Fortpflanzung | Ablaichen | Eier | Fecundity | Larven

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Nielsen, J.G., D.M. Cohen, D.F. Markle and C.R. Robins, 1999. Ophidiiform fishes of the world (Order Ophidiiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of pearlfishes, cusk-eels, brotulas and other ophidiiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(18):178p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 34024)

IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)

nicht bedroht (LC) ; Date assessed: 04 February 2009

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Bedrohung für Menschen

Harmless

Nutzung durch Menschen

Fischereien: nicht kommerziell

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 12.9 - 26.5, mean 19.5 °C (based on 337 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00447 (0.00172 - 0.01163), b=3.10 (2.87 - 3.33), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.6 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179): mittel, Verdopplung der Population dauert 1,4 - 4,4 Jahre. (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (16 of 100).

Grammonus robustus Smith & Radcliffe, 1913