分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Ehiravidae (River sprats)
Etymology: Clupeonella: Latin, clupea = sardine, derived from Clupeus = shield; diminutive (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Dr Oscar Andreevich von Grimm (1845–1921) was a Russian ichthyologist who was the Chief Inspector of Russian fisheries. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 半鹹淡水 大洋性; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 ? - 32 m (Ref. 188). 溫帶; 43°N - 35°N, 47°E - 54°E (Ref. 188)
Former USSR and Asia: central and southern parts of the Caspian Sea.
前蘇聯與亞洲: 裡海的中部與南部。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 8.8 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 14.5 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 188); common length : 11.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 188); 最大體重: 23.00 g (Ref. 117561); 最大年齡: 8 年 (Ref. 117561)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 13 - 21; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 12 - 23. Body moderately slender; head long and narrow; belly sharply keeled, with 26 to 32 scutes; pectoral fin tips rounded; last two anal fin rays enlarged; pterotic bulla absent; no notch at the center of the upper jaw.
身體一般細長; 頭部長而狹窄的; 腹面銳利地龍骨, 藉由 26 到 32個鱗甲; 胸鰭頂端圓的; 最後兩個臀鰭棘條增大了; pterotic 文件印章不存在; 在上頜的中心的沒有凹槽。
Schools in the open sea, not approaching shores. Occurs mainly in the south in winter, migrating to the middle parts of the sea in spring and returning south in November-December. Found in upper layers in March-April, but descends to 16 to 32 m in summer and autumn. Feeds mainly on copepods, also pelagic mysids and small fishes. Breeds in January-September intermittently in the open sea. Stocks said to be depleted in southern part of Caspian Sea.
在開放海域內形成魚群, 不接近海岸。 主要生活在那南方在被在春天洄游至海洋的中央部份和在十一月到十二月回到南方的冬天。 發現於在三月到四月的上層了, 但是在夏天與秋天對 16 到 32 公尺下降。 主要吃橈腳類的動物, 也大洋性的糠蝦與小魚。 在開放海域中間歇地繁殖於一月到九月。 分枝在裡海的南部中據說被耗盡了。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
前蘇聯與亞洲: 裡海的中部與南部。
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
瀕危 (EN) (A2bde); Date assessed: 17 July 2017
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00435 - 0.01206), b=3.01 (2.87 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 2.6 (2.2 - 4.1) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 11
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (26 of 100).
