Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Sinh thái học
Biển gần đáy; Mức độ sâu 50 - 300 m (Ref. 35388). Temperate; 71°N - 50°N, 50°W - 21°E
Northeast Atlantic: Norwegian coast from Kattegat to Tanafjord in Finnmark, rare off Bear Island, northern part of North Sea, around Shetland Islands, Scotland, northern England, Wales and Ireland, rare in the English Channel; Rockall Bank, common around Faroes and Iceland; sporadic off East Greenland.
Length at first maturity / Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Maturity: Lm 12.5, range 10 - 15 cm
Max length : 66.5 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 106276); common length : 25.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 4570); Khối lượng cực đại được công bố: 1.0 kg (Ref. 35388); Tuổi cực đại được báo cáo: 40 các năm (Ref. 35388)
Inhabit rocky bottoms, close to the shore, between 10 and 150 m, but also recorded at 760 m (Ref. 4570). Live in shoals and moves closer to the shore in the summer (Ref. 35388). Feed on various small crustaceans and young fishes (Ref. 4570). Viviparous (Ref. 34817).
Ovoviviparous.
Wheeler, A., 1992. A list of the common and scientific names of fishes of the British Isles. J. Fish Biol. 41(suppl.A):1-37. (Ref. 5204)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 6.8 - 9.8, mean 7.8 °C (based on 186 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00728 - 0.01811), b=3.05 (2.92 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.67 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 15.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Thích nghi nhanh (Ref.
120179): Rất thấp, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là hơn 14 năm (K=0.07; tm=20; tmax=40).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (71 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (71 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 16 [7, 45] mg/100g; Iron = 0.175 [0.079, 0.422] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [16.5, 19.1] %; Omega3 = 0.883 [0.338, 2.408] g/100g; Selenium = 43.3 [17.5, 116.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.7 [2.4, 47.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.331 [0.174, 0.567] mg/100g (wet weight);
