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इलाज़मौबरांकी (शारक और रेज़) (sharks and rays) > Torpediniformes (Electric rays) > Torpedinidae (Electric rays)

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range पारिस्थितिकी

समुद्री ड़िमरसल; गहराई सीमा 0 - 700 m (Ref. 106604). Subtropical; 10°N - 40°S, 95°W - 70°W (Ref. 114953)

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Eastern Pacific: From Costa Rica to Chile, and Galapagos Is. (Ref. 130539).

आकार / वज़न / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 90.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 114953)

Lives on the continental shelf, usually in very shallow waters. Feeds on invertebrates and benthic fishes. Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Maturity size of males usually at ca. 40 cm TL (Ref. 114953). The electric organs can produce a discharge of about 45 volts, depending on the size of the animal. The discharge is used to stun prey and as defense against predators.

Life cycle and mating behavior परिपक्व अवधि | पुनरुत्पत्ति | मछलीऔ का अंडे देना | अंडे | Fecundity | लार्वा

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).

Main reference Upload your references | संदर्भ | संयोजक : Carvalho, Marcelo | सहयोगीयो

McEachran, J.D., 1995. Torpedinidae. Tembladeras, tremolinas. p. 784-785. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9264)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 14 May 2021

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Other (Ref. 9264)

Human uses

मात्स्यिकी: कोई रुचि बग़ैर

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इंटरनेट स्रोत

Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01479 (0.00665 - 0.03288), b=2.96 (2.77 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 4.0 ±0.61 se; based on food items.

लौटाव (Ref. 120179): बहुत नीचे, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी समय अवलागत 14 महीने। (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High vulnerability (56 of 100).

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 18.8 [3.8, 89.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.691 [0.177, 2.037] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [13.9, 21.7] %; Omega3 = 0.428 [0.181, 0.942] g/100g; Selenium = 28.9 [9.4, 83.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11 [4, 34] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.562 [0.275, 1.039] mg/100g (wet weight);

Tetronarce tremens (de Buen, 1959)