Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
বাস্তুসংস্থান
সামুদ্রিক তলদেশ বিহারী; গভীরতার পরিসীমা 10 - 1500 m (Ref. 26346). Temperate
Southwest Pacific: endemic to New Zealand.
Length at first maturity / আকৃতি / ওজন / Age
Maturity: Lm 59.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 118 cm TL পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (Ref. 26346); common length : 62.0 cm TL পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (Ref. 9258); সর্বোচ্চ উলি্ল্লখিত বয়স : 9 বৎসর (Ref. 47618)
Short description
সনাক্তকারী নির্দেশক | বহিঃ অঙ্গ সংস্থান | মরফোমেট্রিক্স
Brown dorsally, mottled with white and black spots, and a large dark blotch on each wing; white ventrally (Ref. 26346).
Inhabit the continental shelf and upper slope (Ref. 26346); usually in coastal waters (Ref. 9258). Found partially buried in sand (Ref. 26346). Feed on fish, shellfish, crabs, and worms (Ref. 114953, 26346). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 10.2-12.7 cm long and 6.3-8.3 cm wide (Ref. 41249, 41308).
Life cycle and mating behavior
পরিপক্কতা | প্রজনন | ডিম ছাড়া | ডিমসমূহ | ডিম্বধারন ক্ষমতা | শুককীট
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Young hatching at about 18-20 cm (Ref. 26346). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
মৎস্য: বাণিজ্যিক
হাতিয়ার
Special reports
Download XML
ইন্টারনেট সুত্র
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7.4 - 12.6, mean 9.2 °C (based on 95 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00302 (0.00141 - 0.00645), b=3.24 (3.07 - 3.41), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
ট্রফিক পর্যায়ে (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.57 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 6.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
স্থিতিস্থাপক (Ref.
120179): নিম্ন/ , সর্বনিম্ন প্রজন দ্বিগুনের সময় ৪.৪-১৪ বৎসর (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (59 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (70 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 4.7 [0.7, 81.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.238 [0.022, 2.862] mg/100g; Protein = 14.8 [12.3, 17.9] %; Omega3 = 0.808 [0.354, 1.936] g/100g; Selenium = 20.5 [4.3, 103.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 4.51 [0.33, 51.42] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.31 [0.02, 3.49] mg/100g (wet weight);
