Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut; air tawar; payau bentopelagis; amphidromus; kisaran kedalaman 0 - 5 m (Ref. 86942). Tropical; 20°C - 28°C (Ref. 13614)
Indo-West Pacific: Sulawesi, Indonesia to western and eastern Australia and New Caledonia.
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 48637)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 7 - 12; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 16; Duri dubur: 4; Sirip dubur lunak: 15 - 16. Greenish or silvery; individuals greater than 4 cm SL with 7 to 12 narrow dark vertical bars on dorsal half of flanks and with spots, usually smaller than eye, more or less arranged in vertical rows in ventral half; lips black; posterior edge of caudal fin and soft portions of anal and dorsal fins with a narrow black margin which disappear in individuals larger than 6 cm SL (Ref. 43044).
Found in coastal estuaries, river entrances and rock pools (Ref. 9002, 44894). Inhabits mangrove creeks and the lower reaches of freshwater streams (Ref. 44894). Anterolateral glandular groove with venom gland (Ref. 57406). Sometimes sold fresh in markets (Ref. 43044). Juveniles collected for the aquarium trade (Ref. 43044).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva
Kottelat, M., 2001. Scatophagidae. Scats. p. 3623-3626. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 43044)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil; Akuarium: Komersial
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.4 - 29.3, mean 28.4 °C (based on 2076 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.8125 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02570 (0.01005 - 0.06572), b=2.96 (2.75 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 2.9 ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): Tinggi, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum kurang dari 15 bulan (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).
