Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري القاع; نطاق العمق 15 - 200 m (Ref. 5222), usually 15 - 50 m (Ref. 2683). Subtropical; 43°N - 16°S, 20°W - 38°E (Ref. 5222)
Eastern Atlantic: Portugal to southern Angola; reports from islands require confirmation. Specimens from Madeira, Azores, Canary Islands, and Cape Verde have been examined by Heemstra (1991, Ref. 6512) and are identified to be Mycteroperca fusca. Replaced by Mycteroperca acutirostris in the western Atlantic.
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm 34.0, range 32 - 36 cm
Max length : 144 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 40637); common length : 80.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 2683); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 49.7 kg (Ref. 40637)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 11; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 15 - 17; شوكة شرجية: 3; أشعه شرجية لينه: 11 - 12. Distinguished by the following characteristics: usually reddish brown, sometimes mottled with black or pale grey spots with black streak above maxilla; juveniles with black saddle blotch on peduncle; oblong body, compressed, depth contained 2.8-3.2 times in SL; head length 2.5-2.7 in SL; convex interorbital area; enlarged serrae at angle of preopercle, forming rounded lobe set off by the indentation immediately above; nostrils subequal in juveniles, posterior nostrils about twice that of anterior ones in adults (Ref. 89707).
Occurs over rocky and sandy bottoms; young individuals very common in mangrove-lined lagoons. Feeds on mollusks (presumably cephalopods) and small fishes (Ref. 89707). Marketed fresh.
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: غير مهمة تجارياً
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15.3 - 27.4, mean 19.4 °C (based on 296 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01072 (0.00685 - 0.01675), b=3.01 (2.88 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.58 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 10.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): منخفظ جدا, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع أكثر من 14 سنة (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 34.6 [15.2, 67.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.82 [0.44, 1.54] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [16.6, 20.2] %; Omega3 = 0.331 [0.208, 0.544] g/100g; Selenium = 40.9 [19.7, 83.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 13.4 [4.2, 49.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.474 [0.334, 0.700] mg/100g (wet weight);
