Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري القاع; نطاق العمق 23 - 306 m (Ref. 9342). Subtropical; 34°N - 19°S, 120°W - 70°W
Eastern Pacific: Playa del Rey in southern California, USA to Peru.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 42.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 9342); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 680.00 g (Ref. 40637)
A sharp spine projecting anteriorly from ventral border of urohyal (Ref. 40817).
Probably forms schools and lives near the bottom in deep waters (Ref. 9342). Of some commercial importance in zones where it is abundant (Ref. 9342).
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: غير مهمة تجارياً
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13 - 21.4, mean 15.2 °C (based on 78 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00514 - 0.02450), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100).
