科 Myxinidae - Hagfishes | ||||
目 | : | Myxiniformes | ||
綱 | : | Myxini | ||
No. in FishBase | : | Genera : 6 | 種 : 91 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes | ||
環境 | : | 淡水 : No | 半鹹淡水 : No | 海洋 : Yes | ||
區分 | : | Marine | ||
水族館 | : | none | ||
最早的化石記錄 | : | |||
附註 | : | Distribution: Marine, temperate zones of the world, all oceans except the Red Sea, Arctic, and Southern oceans; only deep water in tropical areas. The few available studies indicate that hagfishes do not migrate beyond 100 km (Bo Fernholm, pers. comm., 2004). The latitudinal range extends from the Arctic Circle to the South Shetland Islands, near Antarctica, with most species are found in temperate and tropical waters (Ref. 123790). Habitat: live in close association with soft-bottom substrates (sand or mud), but some are mainly on hard bottoms where burrowing is not possible. Known to occur at 5000 m depths but some have been observed swimming in surface waters or have been collected in tide pools (Ref. 117245). Some species are closely associated with deep-sea coral reefs, hydrothermal vents and cold seeps (Ref. 123790). Morphology: Jaws absent, no bones. Body naked, eel-like. 1-16 pairs of external gill openings. No paired fins, no dorsal fin. Part of caudal fin extends onto dorsal and ventral surfaces. Degenerate eyes. Laterally biting mouth bearing barbels. Teeth only on tongue plus one on 'palate'. Mucous pores in 2 ventrolateral lines, each line with about 70-200 glands containing mucous cells and thread cells. Iteroparous (Ref. 94918). Only vertebrates with body fluids iso-osmotic with seawater. Behavior: exhibit knotting when feeding; discharge copious amounts of slime as an effective defence mechanism (Ref. 117245). Reproduction: ovaries and testes in same individual but functionally non-hermaphroditic. Up to 30 large yolky eggs (about 20 mm long, Ref. 117245). No larval phase and thus no metamorphosis. Important predators (often scavengers) on invertebrates and others, e.g., netted fishes and discard. Trophic ecology: Prey item for marine mammals and large predatory invertebrates. Also are scavengers. feeding on dead or dying fishes, invertebrates and marine mammals. Maximum length: About 110 cm max length. Utilization: grilled meat as food in Japan and South Korea. Their hides are processed into 'eel skin' (leather) in Korea. | ||
詞源 | : | Greek, myxinos, -ou = a kind of viscose skin ( Ref. 45335). | ||
生殖同功群 | : | nonguarders | ||
典型活動層 | : | |||
主要參考文獻 | : | Fernholm, B. 1998 | ||
合作者 | : | |||
Deep Fin Classification | : |
Important recommendation:
The list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions, which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist.
Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.
But we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference.
Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes (genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species.
This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names).
The list ordered as follows:
Please send comments and corrections if you detect errors or missing names.
Scientifc name | Status | Senior/Junior synonym | Combination | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Myxininae | ||||
Myxine glutinosa Linnaeus, 1758 | accepted | senior | original | |
Gasterobranchus glutinosus (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new | |
Gastrobranchus coecus Bloch, 1791 | synonym | junior | original | |
Myxine glutinosa septentrionalis Putnam, 1874 | ambiguous | other | original | |
Myxine glutinosa limosa Putnam, 1874 | ambiguous | other | original | |
Myxine glutinosa australis Putnam, 1874 | ambiguous | other | original | |
Myxine australis Jenyns, 1842 | accepted | senior | original | |
Myxine acutifrons Garman, 1899 | synonym | junior | original | |
Myxine glutinosa (non Linnaeus, 1758) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Myxine tridentiger (non Garman, 1899) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Notomyxine tridentiger (non Garman, 1899) | misapplied | misapplied | new | |
Myxine limosa Girard, 1859 | accepted | senior | original | |
Myxine atlantica Regan, 1913 | synonym | junior | original | |
Myxine affinis Günther, 1870 | accepted | senior | original | |
Muraenoblenna olivacea Lacepède, 1803 | ambiguous | other | original | |
Myxine circifrons Garman, 1899 | accepted | senior | original | |
Myxine garmani Jordan & Snyder, 1901 | accepted | senior | original | |
Myxine capensis Regan, 1913 | accepted | senior | original | |
Myxine glutinosa (non Linnaeus, 1758) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Myxine paucidens Regan, 1913 | accepted | senior | original | |
Myxine ios Fernholm, 1981 | accepted | senior | original | |
Myxine mcmillanae Hensley, 1991 | accepted | senior | original | |
Myxine debueni Wisner & McMillan, 1995 | accepted | senior | original | |
Myxine dorsum Wisner & McMillan, 1995 | provisionally accepted | senior | original | |
Myxine fernholmi Wisner & McMillan, 1995 | accepted | senior | original | |
Myxine hubbsi Wisner & McMillan, 1995 | accepted | senior | original | |
Myxine hubbsoides Wisner & McMillan, 1995 | accepted | senior | original | |
Myxine knappi Wisner & McMillan, 1995 | accepted | senior | original | |
Myxine mccoskeri Wisner & McMillan, 1995 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Myxne mccoskeri Wisner & McMillan, 1995 | synonym | senior | original | |
Myxine pequenoi Wisner & McMillan, 1995 | accepted | senior | original | |
Myxine robinsorum Wisner & McMillan, 1995 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Myxine robinsi Wisner & McMillan, 1995 | synonym | senior | original | |
Myxine formosana Mok & Kuo, 2001 | accepted | senior | original | |
Myxine sotoi Mincarone, 2001 | accepted | senior | original | |
Myxine kuoi Mok, 2002 | accepted | senior | original | |
Myxine jespersenae Møller, Feld, Poulsen, Thomsen & Thormar, 2005 | accepted | senior | original | |
Myxine greggi Mincarone, Plachetzki, McCord, Winegard, Fernholm, Gonzalez & Fudge, 2021 | accepted | senior | original | |
Myxine martinii Mincarone, Plachetzki, McCord, Winegard, Fernholm, Gonzalez & Fudge, 2021 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Myxine martini Mincarone, Plachetzki, McCord, Winegard, Fernholm, Gonzalez & Fudge, 2021 | synonym | senior | original | |
Myxine phantasma Mincarone, Plachetzki, McCord, Winegard, Fernholm, Gonzalez & Fudge, 2021 | accepted | senior | original | |
Notomyxine tridentiger (Garman, 1899) | accepted | senior | new | |
Myxine tridentiger Garman, 1899 | synonym | senior | original | |
Neomyxine biniplicata (Richardson & Jowett, 1951) | accepted | senior | new | |
Myxine biniplicata Richardson & Jowett, 1951 | synonym | senior | original | |
Neomyxine caesiovitta Stewart & Zintzen, 2015 | accepted | senior | original | |
Nemamyxine elongata Richardson, 1958 | accepted | senior | original | |
Nemamyxine kreffti McMillan & Wisner, 1982 | accepted | senior | original | |
Eptatretinae | ||||
Eptatretus cirrhatus (Forster, 1801) | accepted | senior | new | |
Petromyzon cirrhatus Forster, 1801 | synonym | senior | original | |
Homea banksii Fleming, 1822 | synonym | junior | original | |
Eptatretus banksii (Fleming, 1822) | synonym | junior | new | |
Bdellostoma heptatrema Müller, 1836 | synonym | junior | original | |
Bdellostoma forsteri Müller, 1836 | synonym | junior | original | |
Eptatretus hexatrema (Müller, 1836) | accepted | senior | new | |
Bdellostoma hexatrema Müller, 1836 | synonym | senior | original | |
Heptatretus hexatrema (Müller, 1836) | synonym | senior | new | |
Bdellostoma heterotrema Müller, 1836 | synonym | junior | original | |
Eptatretus burgeri (Girard, 1855) | accepted | senior | new | |
Bdellostoma burgeri Girard, 1855 | synonym | senior | original | |
Heptatretus burgeri (Girard, 1855) | synonym | senior | new | |
Homea burgeri (Girard, 1855) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Heptatrema cirrhatum (non Forster, 1801) | misapplied | misapplied | original | |
Eptatretus polytrema (Girard, 1855) | accepted | senior | new | |
Bdellostoma polytrema Girard, 1855 | synonym | senior | original | |
Eptatretus stoutii (Lockington, 1878) | accepted | senior | new | |
Bdellostoma stoutii Lockington, 1878 | synonym | senior | original | |
Polistotrema stoutii (Lockington, 1878) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Bdellostoma stouti Lockington, 1878 | synonym | senior | original | |
! Eptatretus stouti (Lockington, 1878) | synonym | senior | new | |
Eptatretus bischoffii (Schneider, 1880) | accepted | senior | new | |
Bdellostoma bischoffii Schneider, 1880 | synonym | senior | original | |
! Eptatretus bischoffi (Schneider, 1880) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Eptatretus bischoffli (Schneider, 1880) | synonym | senior | new | |
Heptatretus decatrema Regan, 1912 | synonym | junior | original | |
Eptatretus decatrema (Regan, 1912) | synonym | junior | new | |
Eptatretus atami (Dean, 1904) | accepted | senior | new | |
Paramyxine atami Dean, 1904 | synonym | senior | original | |
Eptatretus okinoseanus (Dean, 1904) | accepted | senior | new | |
Homea okinoseana Dean, 1904 | synonym | senior | original | |
Eptatretus deani (Evermann & Goldsborough, 1907) | accepted | senior | new | |
Polistotrema deani Evermann & Goldsborough, 1907 | synonym | senior | original | |
Polistotrema curtissjamesi Townsend & Nichols, 1925 | synonym | junior | original | |
Eptatretus octatrema (Barnard, 1923) | accepted | senior | new | |
Heptatretus octatrema Barnard, 1923 | synonym | senior | original | |
Eptatretus profundus (Barnard, 1923) | accepted | senior | new | |
Heptatretus profundus Barnard, 1923 | synonym | senior | original | |
Eptatretus springeri (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1952) | accepted | senior | new | |
Paramyxine springeri Bigelow & Schroeder, 1952 | synonym | senior | original | |
Eptatretus yangi (Teng, 1958) | accepted | senior | new | |
Paramyxine yangi Teng, 1958 | synonym | senior | original | |
Quadratus yangi (Teng, 1958) | synonym | senior | new | |
Eptatretus cheni (Shen & Tao, 1975) | accepted | senior | new | |
Paramyxine cheni Shen & Tao, 1975 | synonym | senior | original | |
Eptatretus longipinnis Strahan, 1975 | accepted | senior | original | |
Eptatretus taiwanae (Shen & Tao, 1975) | accepted | senior | new | |
Paramyxine taiwanae Shen & Tao, 1975 | synonym | senior | original | |
Quadratus taiwanae (Shen & Tao, 1975) | synonym | senior | new | |
Eptatretus minor Fernholm & Hubbs, 1981 | accepted | senior | original | |
Eptatretus multidens Fernholm & Hubbs, 1981 | accepted | senior | original | |
Eptatretus caribbeaus Fernholm, 1982 | accepted | senior | original | |
Eptatretus carlhubbsi McMillan & Wisner, 1984 | accepted | senior | original | |
Eptatretus indrambaryai Wongratana, 1984 | accepted | senior | original | |
Eptatretus laurahubbsae McMillan & Wisner, 1984 | accepted | senior | original | |
! Eptatretus laurahubbsi McMillan & Wisner, 1984 | synonym | senior | original | |
Eptatretus strahani McMillan & Wisner, 1984 | accepted | senior | original | |
Eptatretus mendozai Hensley, 1985 | accepted | senior | original | |
Eptatretus nanii Wisner & McMillan, 1988 | accepted | senior | original | |
Eptatretus fritzi Wisner & McMillan, 1990 | accepted | senior | original | |
Eptatretus mcconnaugheyi Wisner & McMillan, 1990 | accepted | senior | original | |
Eptatretus sinus Wisner & McMillan, 1990 | accepted | senior | original | |
Eptatretus chinensis Kuo & Mok, 1994 | accepted | senior | original | |
Paramyxine chinensis (Kuo & Mok, 1994) | synonym | senior | new | |
Eptatretus fernholmi (Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994) | accepted | senior | new | |
Paramyxine fernholmi Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994 | synonym | senior | original | |
Eptatretus nelsoni (Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994) | accepted | senior | new | |
Paramyxine nelsoni Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994 | synonym | senior | original | |
Quadratus nelsoni (Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994) | synonym | senior | new | |
Eptatretus sheni (Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994) | accepted | senior | new | |
Paramyxine sheni Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994 | synonym | senior | original | |
Eptatretus wisneri (Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994) | accepted | senior | new | |
Paramyxine wisneri Kuo, Huang & Mok, 1994 | synonym | senior | original | |
Eptatretus grouseri McMillan, 1999 | accepted | senior | original | |
Eptatretus mccoskeri McMillan, 1999 | accepted | senior | original | |
Eptatretus menezesi Mincarone, 2000 | accepted | senior | original | |
Eptatretus ancon (Mok, Saavedra-Díaz & Acero P., 2001) | accepted | senior | new | |
Quadratus ancon Mok, Saavedra-Díaz & Acero P., 2001 | synonym | senior | original | |
Paramyxine ancon (Mok, Saavedra-Díaz & Acero P., 2001) | synonym | senior | new | |
Eptatretus wayuu Mok, Saavedra-Díaz & Acero P., 2001 | accepted | senior | original | |
Paramyxine wayuu (Mok, Saavedra-Díaz & Acero P., 2001) | synonym | senior | new | |
! Eptatretus wayun Mok, Saavedra-Díaz & Acero P., 2001 | synonym | senior | original | |
Eptatretus moki (McMillan & Wisner, 2004) | accepted | senior | new | |
Paramyxine moki McMillan & Wisner, 2004 | synonym | senior | original | |
Eptatretus walkeri (McMillan & Wisner, 2004) | accepted | senior | new | |
Paramyxine walkeri McMillan & Wisner, 2004 | synonym | senior | original | |
Eptatretus goliath Mincarone & Stewart, 2006 | accepted | senior | original | |
Eptatretus strickrotti Møller & Jones, 2007 | accepted | senior | original | |
Eptatretus alastairi Mincarone & Fernholm, 2010 | accepted | senior | original | |
Eptatretus astrolabium Fernholm & Mincarone, 2010 | accepted | senior | original | |
Eptatretus gomoni Mincarone & Fernholm, 2010 | accepted | senior | original | |
Eptatretus bobwisneri Fernholm, Norén, Kullander, Quattrini, Zintzen, Roberts, Mok & Kuo, 2013 | accepted | senior | original | |
Eptatretus wisneri McMillan, 1999 | ambiguous | homonym | original | |
Eptatretus luzonicus Fernholm, Norén, Kullander, Quattrini, Zintzen, Roberts, Mok & Kuo, 2013 | accepted | senior | original | |
Eptatretus fernholmi McMillan & Wisner, 2004 | ambiguous | homonym | original | |
Eptatretus aceroi Polanco Fernandez & Fernholm, 2014 | accepted | senior | original | |
Eptatretus cryptus Roberts & Stewart, 2015 | accepted | senior | original | |
Eptatretus poicilus Zintzen & Roberts, 2015 | accepted | senior | original | |
Eptatretus albiderma Song & Kim, 2020 | accepted | senior | original | |
Eptatretus wandoensis Song & Kim, 2020 | accepted | senior | original | |
Eptatretus goslinei Mincarone, Plachetzki, McCord, Winegard, Fernholm, Gonzalez & Fudge, 2021 | accepted | senior | original | |
Eptatretus wadgensis Augustina, Sreeram, Sukumaran, Sreekumar, Jose, Joshi & Gopalakrishnan, 2022 | accepted | senior | original | |
Eptatretus fudgei Fernholm & Mincarone, 2023 | accepted | senior | original | |
Eptatretus bahamensis Mincarone, Fernholm & Fudge, 2024 | accepted | senior | original | |
Rubicundinae | ||||
Rubicundus lopheliae (Fernholm & Quattrini, 2008) | accepted | senior | new | |
Eptatretus lopheliae Fernholm & Quattrini, 2008 | synonym | senior | original | |
Rubicundus eos (Fernholm, 1991) | accepted | senior | new | |
Eptatretus eos Fernholm, 1991 | synonym | senior | original | |
Rubicundus lakeside (Mincarone & McCosker, 2004) | accepted | senior | new | |
Eptatretus lakeside Mincarone & McCosker, 2004 | synonym | senior | original | |
Rubicundus rubicundus (Kuo, Lee & Mok, 2010) | accepted | senior | new | |
Eptatretus rubicundus Kuo, Lee & Mok, 2010 | synonym | senior | original |