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Teleostei (teleosts) > Centrarchiformes (Basses) > Enoplosidae (Oldwife)
Etymology: Enoplosus: Greek, enoplos, -os, -on = with weapons (Ref. 45335).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; brackish; reef-associated; depth range ? - 90 m (Ref. 9563). Temperate; 26°S - 43°S

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Indo-Pacific: Endemic to Australia.

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 7300)

Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 14 - 15; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 14 - 15; Vertebrae: 26. Adults are silver to brown with black vertical stripes (Ref. 33616).

Juveniles live in estuaries (Ref. 33616) while adults occur in estuaries and on inshore and offshore rocky reefs and seagrass beds (Ref. 9563). Found either in large schools, in pairs or as solitary individuals (Ref. 33616). Neither anterolateral glandular groove nor venom gland is present (Ref. 57406). Reported to have venomous fin spines without associated venom gland (https://fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/species/445#moreinfo).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 12 August 2019

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Venomous

Human uses

Fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: commercial

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Internet sources

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 15.3 - 20.6, mean 17.7 °C (based on 232 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 1.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00180 - 0.00842), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.3 ±0.40 se; based on food items.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 17.9 [7.0, 29.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.206 [0.104, 0.363] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [18.0, 20.2] %; Omega3 = 0.243 [0.127, 0.478] g/100g; Selenium = 11 [5, 27] μg/100g; VitaminA = 30.6 [7.8, 118.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.744 [0.478, 1.193] mg/100g (wet weight);

Enoplosus armatus (White, 1790)