Issue
The 3 subspecies were upraised at species rank, as provisionally accepted names, , until more works are conducted on T. acus susbepcies to fix their status.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien rifbewoner; diepte 0 - ? m. Subtropical; 43°N - , 98°W - 36°E
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA to Brazil. Eastern Atlantic: off Morocco and the Mediterranean (Ref. 5505).
Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm 47.3, range 45 - 50 cm
Max length : 153 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 26340); common length : 90.0 cm SL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 3129); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 3.7 kg (Ref. 4699)
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 0; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 20 - 27; Anale stekels: 0; Anale zachte stralen: 20 - 24; Wervels: 90 - 95. Diagnosis: body elongate; upper and lower jaws extremely long, forming a stout beak armed with very sharp teeth; gill rakers absent (Ref. 57228, 90102). Nostrils in depression before eyes (nasal pit); pelvic fins abdominal; 20-26 dorsal-fin rays; anal fin short, 9.7-11.7 times in body length; small, black lateral keel on either sides of caudal peduncle; caudal fin deeply forked (Ref. 57228).
Inhabits oceanic and neritic waters (Ref. 26340). Feeds on small fishes. Oviparous (Ref. 205). Eggs may be found attached to objects in the water by tendrils on the egg's surface (Ref. 205). Although sold fresh and salted, its market is limited due to the green-colored flesh (Ref. 5217). Circumglobal in tropical seas and divisible into four subspecies (Ref 90102).
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Gevaar voor de mens
Traumatogenic (Ref. 26235)
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: commercieel; sportvis: ja
Tools
Speciale rapporten
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 20 - 28.5, mean 26.5 °C (based on 1282 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00093 (0.00049 - 0.00176), b=3.11 (2.95 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Hoog, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd minder dan 15 maanden (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 33 [8, 135] mg/100g; Iron = 0.498 [0.212, 1.475] mg/100g; Protein = 17.2 [14.4, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.16 [0.06, 0.47] g/100g; Selenium = 16.9 [6.9, 46.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 102 [14, 608] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.447 [0.259, 0.773] mg/100g (wet weight);
