Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) Υφαλόφιλο(α); εύρος βάθους 3 - 40 m (Ref. 9710). Tropical; - 30°S
Western Indian Ocean: East Africa south to Durban, South Africa (Ref. 5372). Also found in oceanic islands.
Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 12.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 9710)
Short description
Κλείδες προσδιορισμού | Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 13 - 14; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 15 - 17; Εδρικές άκανθες: 3; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 15 - 17. Black spot with white or bluish edges on its sides (Ref. 5372).
Usually seen alone or in pairs (specially during spawning) but occasionally in small groups, particularly in the vicinity of staghorn Acropora and Goniopora (Ref. 5503) thickets. Diet consists of live corals which makes it difficult to maintain in captivity (Ref. 4858). Little intraspecific nor interspecific aggressiveness (Ref. 5503). Oviparous (Ref. 205), monogamous (Ref. 52884). Form pairs during breeding (Ref. 205).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση | Αναπαραγωγή | Γεννοβολία | Αβγά | Γονιμότητα | Προνύμφες
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205). Monogamous mating is observed as both obligate and social (Ref. 52884).
Allen, G.R., 1985. Butterfly and angelfishes of the world. Vol. 2. 3rd edit. in English. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. (Ref. 4858)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
αλιεία: Εμπορικό(ά); Ενυδρείο: Εμπορικό(ά)
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.4 - 27.9, mean 26.9 °C (based on 64 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02291 (0.01133 - 0.04632), b=3.00 (2.83 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.61 se; based on food items.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Υψηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού < 15 μήνες (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 133 [67, 212] mg/100g; Iron = 0.975 [0.567, 1.669] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [17.4, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.125 [0.071, 0.217] g/100g; Selenium = 36 [19, 69] μg/100g; VitaminA = 48.3 [14.0, 170.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.7 [1.1, 2.5] mg/100g (wet weight);
