Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
marina bottenlevande; djupintervall 22 - 385 m (Ref. 58489). Temperate
Southwest Pacific: restricted to New Zealand (Ref. 9258).
Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 126633); common length : 30.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 9258)
Inhabits shallow waters, generally at depth of less than 50 m. Found to depth of 385 m (Ref. 27073). Juveniles gather in sheltered inshore waters, such as estuarine areas, shallow mudflats and sandflats, where they remain for up to two years (Ref. 9072).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fecundity | Larver
Amaoka, K., K. Matsuura T. Inada, M. Takeda, H. Hatanaka and K. Okada (eds.), 1990. Fishes collected by the R/V Shinkai Maru around New Zealand. Japan Marine Fishery Resource Research Center, Tokyo, Japan. 410 p. (Ref. 27073)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fiskeri: kommersiell; sportfisk: ja
Verktyg
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.5 - 16, mean 13.3 °C (based on 59 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01820 (0.00790 - 0.04194), b=2.97 (2.76 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.29 se; based on food items.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (tmax=5).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 280 [80, 681] mg/100g; Iron = 0.485 [0.198, 1.252] mg/100g; Protein = 15.9 [14.1, 17.6] %; Omega3 = 0.611 [0.202, 1.952] g/100g; Selenium = 6.73 [1.96, 21.43] μg/100g; VitaminA = 111 [17, 691] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.45 [0.78, 2.60] mg/100g (wet weight);
