Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
marina bottenlevande; djupintervall 10 - 460 m (Ref. 5304), usually 10 - 100 m (Ref. 4710). Subtropical; 37°N - 7°S
Eastern Atlantic: north of Gibraltar to northern Angola (Ref. 5304). Reported from the Mediterranean Sea (Ref. 45594).
Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 20.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 2683); common length : 10.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 2683); publicerad maxvikt: 38.42 g (Ref. 128593)
Inhabits sandy bottoms of the continental shelf (Ref. 2683).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fecundity | Larver
Desoutter, M., 1990. Soleidae. p. 1037-1049. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 5304)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fiskeri: kommersiell
Verktyg
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 16.6 - 27.9, mean 20.4 °C (based on 248 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00871 (0.00550 - 0.01380), b=3.06 (2.93 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 171 [61, 312] mg/100g; Iron = 1.2 [0.5, 2.4] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [16.7, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.292 [0.130, 0.584] g/100g; Selenium = 31.2 [15.1, 66.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.5 [5.6, 51.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.903 [0.578, 1.344] mg/100g (wet weight);
