Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
بوم شناسي
دريايي وابسته به آب سنگ; غير مهاجر; تغييرات عمق ? - 80 m (Ref. 55763), usually 30 - ? m (Ref. 89707). Tropical; 32°N - 3°S, 115°W - 80°W (Ref. 5222)
Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California to Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands.
Size / Weight / سن
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 39.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 89707); common length : 20.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 55763)
خارهاي باله پشتي (کل) : 9; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل) : 14 - 15; خارهاي باله مخرجي: 3; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 8. Distinguished by the following characteristics: body depth 2.7-2.9 in SL; head length 2.3-2.5 in SL; rounded preopercle, finely serrate; posterior and anterior nostril subequal; third dorsal spine, longest, membranes incised between anterior spines; pectoral fins longer than pelvic fins, pectoral fin length 1.5-1.7 in head length; caudal fin rounded; lateral body scales strongly ctenoid; lateral line scales 48-49; lateral scale series 80-83 (Ref. 089707)
Found in coral reefs; also along rocky shores (Ref. 5222). A shy and secretive species (Ref. 5222). Feeds on fishes and crustaceans; reaches at least 25 years; recently confirmed as a protogynous hermaphrodite, spawning peaks in July and August in the Gulf of California (Ref. 089707).
Life cycle and mating behavior
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | تخم ها | Fecundity | توزاد ( لارو)
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ماهي ها ي سرگرم كننده: بله
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 17.9 - 26, mean 23.4 °C (based on 14 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01514 (0.00877 - 0.02613), b=3.07 (2.93 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.7 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
جهندگی (Ref.
120179): متوسط, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 4/1 – 4/4 سال (tmax=4; k=0.19).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (29 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 43.7 [25.8, 74.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.523 [0.299, 0.967] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [16.6, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.167 [0.108, 0.262] g/100g; Selenium = 36.7 [20.7, 60.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 186 [65, 595] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.803 [0.578, 1.278] mg/100g (wet weight);
