Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marino batipelagico; distribuzione batimetrica 350 - ? m. Deep-water; 36°N - 49°S, 102°E - 154°W
Pacific Ocean: southern Japan and the Hawaiian Islands to New Zealand.
Size / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 35.0 cm SL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 559)
Spine dorsali (totale) : 12; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 15; Spine anali: 3; Raggi anali molli: 15. Eye about 1/3 of head length. Eyelid well-developed. Dorsal spines hidden by groove when depressed. Scales large and deciduous. Attains 35 cm SL.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Riproduzione | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larve
Oviparous, gonochorous, with pelagic eggs (Ref. 101194).
Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Strumenti
Special reports
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Fonti Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 2.5 - 5.1, mean 3.3 °C (based on 1361 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01413 (0.00591 - 0.03375), b=2.95 (2.74 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilienza (Ref.
120179): Basso, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 4.5 - 14 anni (Assuming tmax>10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).