分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 10 - 200 m (Ref. 121768). ; 36°N - 34°S, 24°E - 154°E
Indo-West Pacific: Algoa Bay, South Africa to southern Japan and Australia.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 30.0  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 90.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 559)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 12 - 14; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 10 - 12. Dorsal part of body without prickles, belly covered with prickles (Ref. 559). Greenish or dark grey above, silvery white below (Ref. 4919). Distinguished from other Lagocephalus species by the black gill opening (Ref. 559).
Found in the shelf edge (Ref. 11230). Closely resembles the Atlantic species L. laevigatus Linnaeus which reaches southern Angola (Ref. 4919).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
Smith, M.M. and P.C. Heemstra, 1986. Tetraodontidae. p. 894-903. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4919)
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 16.6 - 28.3, mean 26.4 °C (based on 1313 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02692 (0.01730 - 0.04187), b=2.86 (2.74 - 2.98), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time: 2.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.53).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).