分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 1 - 110 m (Ref. 89707). ; 30°N - 27°S, 33°E - 136°E
Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf to southern Mozambique and eastward to Western Australia. Not known from the Red Sea.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - 50 cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5222); common length : 75.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5450); 最大体重: 9.0 kg (Ref. 3132)
背棘 (总数) : 11; 背的软条 (总数) : 15 - 17; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 8. Distinguished by the following characteristics: color is dark purplish gray with scattered irregular whitish spots and blotches which are faint or absent in preserved fish; ctenoid body scales except cycloid dorsoanteriorly below anterior half of spinous dorsal fin, thorax, abdomen and above anterior anal fin; body with numerous auxiliary scales; greatest depth of body 2.5-3.0 in SL; slightly emarginate to truncate caudal fin; short pelvic fins, 1.7-2.3 in head length (Ref. 90102); head length 2.4-2.7 times in SL; distinctly convex interorbital, slightly convex dorsal head profile; subangular preopercle, shallow notch just above the angle, serrae at angle not or slightly enlarged; upper edge of operculum straight; posterior nostrils of adults is twice the size of anterior nostrils; maxilla reaches vertical at rear edge of eye or thereabouts; ventral edge of maxilla of adults with distinct step distally; 2 rows of teeth on midlateral part of lower jaw (Ref. 89707).
Inhabit clear to turbid water in shallow as well as deep water (Ref. 4787). Juveniles are found in inshore coral reefs (Ref. 5222). They feed in water to more than 100 m depth (Ref. 27275). It has been suggested that juveniles mimic the herbivorous damselfish Neopomacentrus sindensis, presumably to get closer to their unsuspecting prey (Ref. 5222, 9710). Feed on small fishes and crabs. Probably spawn during restricted periods and form aggregations when doing so (Ref. 27352). Eggs and early larvae are probably pelagic (Ref. 6390). Solitary (Ref 90102).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
Rock cod are protogynous hermaphrodites.
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
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特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.7 - 29.2, mean 27.3 °C (based on 386 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00977 (0.00571 - 0.01672), b=3.00 (2.86 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.66 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 4.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.27).
Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.85, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (82 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 19.7 [9.8, 42.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.456 [0.240, 0.931] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [17.2, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.12 [0.07, 0.19] g/100g; Selenium = 48.1 [27.5, 89.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 106 [30, 362] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.01 [0.71, 1.45] mg/100g (wet weight);
