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> Perciformes/Notothenioidei (Icefishes) > Harpagiferidae (Spiny plunderfishes)
Etymology: Harpagifer: Greek, arpagifer, grappling hook, robbery, voracoius (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Forster.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range पारिस्थितिकी

समुद्री ड़िमरसल; गहराई सीमा 40 - 50 m. Temperate; 52°S - 57°S

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South Atlantic and South Pacific: Straits of Magellan, south of Chile and Argentina, Patagonian Region and Staten Island. Falkland Islands and subantarctic islands (Ref. 4537).

आकार / वज़न / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 9.5 cm SL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 117667)

Mainly in shallow, inshore waters, but may be found from 40-50 m. Occurs in tide pools, under rocks and among kelp (Ref. 5191). Feed on small crustaceans and common in littoral of all sub-Antarctic islands (Ref. 42041).

Life cycle and mating behavior परिपक्व अवधि | पुनरुत्पत्ति | मछलीऔ का अंडे देना | अंडे | Fecundity | लार्वा

Females guard the eggs deposited in a nest they constructed for the four month incubation period (Ref. 89358).

Main reference Upload your references | संदर्भ | संयोजक | सहयोगीयो

Hureau, J.-C., 1990. Harpagiferidae. p. 357-363. In O. Gon and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Fishes of the Southern Ocean. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. 462 p. (Ref. 5191)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 05 December 2019

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

मात्स्यिकी: कोई रुचि बग़ैर

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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इंटरनेट स्रोत

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 6.2 - 8, mean 7.1 °C (based on 8 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5010 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00525 (0.00206 - 0.01336), b=3.10 (2.88 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.3 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.

लौटाव (Ref. 120179): माध्यम, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 1.4 - 4.4 वर्ष। (Assuming Fec < 10,000).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).

Harpagifer bispinis (Forster, 1801)