Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Sinh thái học
Biển gần đáy; Mức độ sâu 0 - 90 m (Ref. 9824). Tropical
Indo-West Pacific: India and off Sri Lanka eastward to the Philippines and the northeastern coast of Australia. Range extends to Okinawa Island, Japan. Also known from the Persian Gulf (Ref. 5999).
Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 21.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 9824); common length : 17.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 9824)
Các tia vây lưng cứng (tổng cộng) : 0; Các vây lưng mềm (tổng cộng) : 77 - 86; Tia cứng vây hậu môn: 0; Tia mềm vây hậu môn: 61 - 71. Eyed side pale brownish, with 3 large, prominent dark ocelli, 1 each above and below pectoral fin, 1 on middle of straight section of lateral line. Head and body with many small, distinct, dark spots and obscure markings along dorsal and ventral body margins. Males with 2 distinct dark markings above upper eye. Dorsal, anal, and pelvic fins on eyed side with indistinct dusky spots and markings. Caudal fin with a pair of marks behind fin base. Pectoral fin on eyed side with broad pale cross bars. Blind side pale. Body deeply ovoid, its depth 1.5 to 1.8 times in SL. Head moderately large, snout shorter than eye, profile deeply notched ahead of interorbital area. Head length3.5 to 4 times in SL. Interorbital region concave, narrow in both sexes. Both eyes on left side of head, front margin of upper eye slightly behind front margin of lower eye. Mouth moderate in size, reaching to or slightly beyond anterior margin of lower eye, length of upper jaw 2.8 to 3.4 times in head length. Teeth in both jaws uniserial. Teeth in upper jaw becoming gradually smaller posteriorly. Teeth of lower jaw about equal in size, similar to anterior teeth of upper jaw. Scales on eyed side ctenoid. Scales on blind side cycloid. Lateral line on both sides of body (Ref 42535).
Found in shallow mud, sand, and rubble bottoms of the continental shelf (Ref. 9824). Feeds on benthic animals. Marketed fresh and used in making fish meal (Ref. 9824).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Chín muồi sinh dục | Sự tái sinh sản | Đẻ trứng | Các trứng | Sự sinh sản | Ấu trùng
Nielsen, J.G., 1974. Bothidae. In W. Fisher and P.J.P. Whitehead (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Eastern Indian Ocean (fishing area 57) and Western Central Pacific (fishing area 71). Rome, FAO, vol. 3. pag. var. (Ref. 4896)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Các nghề cá: Tính thương mại
Các công cụ
Special reports
Download XML
Các nguồn internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.5 - 29, mean 28 °C (based on 1708 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00912 (0.00526 - 0.01582), b=2.98 (2.83 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Thích nghi nhanh (Ref.
120179): Trung bình, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là 1.4 - 4.4 năm (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (11 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 191 [86, 366] mg/100g; Iron = 1.17 [0.56, 2.11] mg/100g; Protein = 17.1 [15.8, 18.5] %; Omega3 = 0.141 [0.065, 0.291] g/100g; Selenium = 49.2 [21.8, 112.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 34.9 [9.0, 136.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.07 [0.67, 1.62] mg/100g (wet weight);
