Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Haemulidae (Grunts)
仿石鱸科 (Grunts) > Plectorhinchinae
Etymology: Plectorhinchus: Greek, plektos = plaited + Greek, rhyngchos = snout (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Lacepède.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 8 - 25 m (Ref. 58652). 熱帶; 30°N - 24°S
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea to Natal, South Africa (including Madagascar and the Comoro and Reunion islands); Gulf of Aden and the Persian Gulf eastward to Samoa, north to the Ryukyu Islands, south to Australia; Caroline and Mariana islands in Micronesia.
印度-西太平洋: 紅海到南非的納塔爾 (包括馬達加斯加與科羅摩與留尼旺島); 亞丁灣與波斯灣向東至美屬薩摩亞, 北至琉球群島, 南至澳洲; 在密克羅尼西亞的加羅林群島與馬里亞納群島。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 75.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 30874)
背棘 (總數) : 14; 背的軟條 (總數) : 15 - 16; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 7 - 8.
全灰色在鰭與鰓上有暗淡的邊緣當成熟的時候。 稚魚褐色到接近黑色的, 在水表面中擬態樹葉漂浮.(參考文獻 48635)
Found in coastal reefs, sandbanks, and near estuaries (Ref. 30573). Enter freshwater (Ref. 7050). Small juveniles occur along sheltered sandy shorelines where they mimic a dead leaf by drifting on their sides (Ref. 37816). Adults mainly in protected inshore reefs to deep offshore, sometimes swims in small groups (Ref. 48635). Excellent food fish (Ref. 2799).
發現於岸礁，沙洲了, 與在河口的附近.(參考文獻 30573) 進入淡水。 (參考文獻 7050) 小的稚魚生活在沿著掩蔽的沙質海岸線在那裡它們被擬態的一個枯葉利用左右晃動.(參考文獻 37816) 成魚主要在遮蔽的近海岩礁到外海深處中, 有時群游於小群魚群中.(參考文獻 48635) 優良的食用魚.(參考文獻 2799)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).印度-西太平洋: 紅海到南非的納塔爾 (包括馬達加斯加與科羅摩與留尼旺島); 亞丁灣與波斯灣向東至美屬薩摩亞, 北至琉球群島, 南至澳洲; 在密克羅尼西亞的加羅林群島與馬里亞納群島。
Myers, R.F., 1991. Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 25 August 2011
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.2 - 29.3, mean 28.4 °C (based on 3703 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02042 (0.01151 - 0.03622), b=2.93 (2.77 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.20).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (45 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 24.5 [11.3, 52.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.465 [0.242, 0.872] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [17.4, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.0948 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 32.7 [16.9, 62.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 37.4 [10.8, 128.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.981 [0.633, 1.547] mg/100g (wet weight);
