分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Hexanchiformes (Frill and cow sharks) >
Hexanchidae (Cow sharks)
Etymology: Heptranchias: hept[a] (Gr.), seven; ranchias, etymology unclear, possibly a variant spelling of anchos (Gr.), gill, possibly with the addition of -ias, borrowed from karkharías, ancient Greek for shark (cf. Carcharias Rafinesque 1810), referring to how the seven gill openings extend down onto the throat (See ETYFish); perlo: From the French vernacular “Le Perlon,” pearl, probably referring to its smooth and grayish (“lisse & grisâtre”) skin (See ETYFish).
More on author: Bonnaterre.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 深海底的; 深度上下限 0 - 1000 m (Ref. 41394), usually 180 - 450 m (Ref. 45445). 深水域; 58°N - 58°S, 98°W - 173°W
Circumglobal in tropical and temperate seas, excluding the northeast Pacific (Ref. 13573). Western Atlantic: North Carolina, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to Cuba, then from Venezuela to Argentina (Ref. 6871). Eastern Atlantic: Morocco to Namibia, including the Mediterranean Sea (Ref. 247). Indian Ocean: southwestern India, Aldabra Island, southern Mozambique, and South Africa (Ref. 247). Western Pacific: Japan to China, Indonesia, Australia and New Zealand. Southeast Pacific: off northern Chile (Ref. 247).
沿著赤道與溫帶的海洋環球分佈, 除了東北太平洋.(參考文獻 13573) 西大西洋: 美國北卡羅萊那州與墨西哥灣北部到古巴, 然後從委內瑞拉到阿根廷.(參考文獻 6871) 東大西洋: 摩洛哥到那米比亞, 包括地中海。 印度洋: 印度西南部，亞達伯拉島，莫三比克南部與南非。 西太平洋: 日本到中國，印尼，澳洲與紐西蘭。 東南太平洋: 外海的智利北部。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 87.7, range 75 - 98 cm
Max length : 137 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 247); 140.0 cm TL (female); common length : 100.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 26999)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 臀棘: 0; 脊椎骨: 125 - 161. A narrow-headed, big-eyed small seven-gilled shark (Ref. 247). Body fusiform and slender; dorsal fin small, originating over inner margins of pelvic fins; anal fin small (Ref. 6871). Teeth wide, low and comb-shaped (Ref. 6871). Brownish grey above, paler below, sometimes with indistinct dark blotches on body; juveniles with dark-tipped dorsal and caudal fins, adults with light fin margins (Ref. 5578, 6574, 6871). Live specimens with fluorescent green eyes (Ref. 6871).
一只头窄的, 眼睛大的小七条鳃裂的鲨鱼.(参考文献 247) 身体纺锤型与细长的; 背鳍小的, 开始腹鳍的内缘之上; 臀鳍小的.(参考文献 6871) 齿宽的，低的与梳状的.(参考文献 6871) 背面灰褐色的，腹面灰白的, 在身体上有时有不明显的黑色斑块; 稚鱼有尖端深色的背鳍与尾鳍鳍, 成鱼有淡色的鳍边缘.(参考文献 5578,6574,6871) 活体有萤光的绿色眼。 (参考文献 6871)
Found on the outer continental and insular shelves and upper slopes in depths of 100 to 400 (Ref. 13573, 11230), also inshore and down to 1,000 m (Ref. 6871, 11230). Feeds on small sharks and rays, small bony fish, shrimps, crabs, lobsters, squid, and cuttlefish (Ref. 5578). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 205), with 9-12 young born per litter (Ref. 247). Very active and aggressive when captured and quick to bite but too small to be very dangerous to people (Ref. 247). Liver utilized as a source of oil. Maximum length may reach 214 cm, but this is uncertain.
栖息于在深度中的大陆棚和岛屿棚外缘与上层斜坡了 100 到 400(参考文献 13573,11230), 也近海而且向下至 1,000 公尺.(参考文献 6871,11230) 吃小的鲨鱼与魟，小的硬骨鱼，虾，螃蟹，龙虾，乌贼与墨鱼。 (参考文献 5578) 卵胎生的 (参考文献 205), 藉由 9- 每胎被出生的 12个幼鱼.(参考文献 247) 非常活跃的与侵略性当捕获与快的咬但是太小而无法非常对人类有危险性.(参考文献 247) 利用的肝脏作为一个油的来源。 最大的长度可能达到 214公分，但是這不確定。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Ovoviviparous, number of young 9 to 20 in a litter (Ref. 247). Size at birth about 25 cm (Ref. 6871). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). No apparent seasonality in its reproduction cycle (Ref.58048).沿著赤道與溫帶的海洋環球分佈, 除了東北太平洋.(參考文獻 13573) 西大西洋: 美國北卡羅萊那州與墨西哥灣北部到古巴, 然後從委內瑞拉到阿根廷.(參考文獻 6871) 東大西洋: 摩洛哥到那米比亞, 包括地中海。 印度洋: 印度西南部，亞達伯拉島，莫三比克南部與南非。 西太平洋: 日本到中國，印尼，澳洲與紐西蘭。 東南太平洋: 外海的智利北部。
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
临近濒危 (NT) (A2bd); Date assessed: 21 November 2019
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.5 - 18.7, mean 12.5 °C (based on 1162 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0781 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00219 (0.00159 - 0.00301), b=3.10 (3.01 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (Fec=9).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (84 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 6.22 [1.20, 32.26] mg/100g; Iron = 0.307 [0.073, 1.001] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [16, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.237 [0.104, 0.562] g/100g; Selenium = 17.2 [5.4, 50.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.3 [2.3, 49.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.275 [0.132, 0.524] mg/100g (wet weight);
