分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Haemulidae (Grunts)
仿石鱸科 (Grunts) > Haemulinae
Etymology: Pomadasys: Greek, poma, -atos = cover, operculum + Greek, dasys = with hair (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 ? - 75 m (Ref. 2799). 熱帶; 32°N - 32°S, 18°E - 154°E
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and east coast of Africa to southeast Asia, north to Taiwan, south to Queensland, Australia. Also reported from Persian Gulf (Ref. 68964).
印度-西太平洋: 非洲東岸; 包括馬達加斯加，塞錫爾群島， Farrquhar 與科羅摩群島; 也紅海與波斯灣;(參考文獻 11441) 延伸過東南亞北至台灣而且南至澳洲的昆士蘭省。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 35 - ? cm
Max length : 80.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5213); common length : 50.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 30573)
背棘 (總數) : 12; 背的軟條 (總數) : 13 - 15; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 7. This species is distinguished by the following characters: chin with 2 pores with a median pit; D XII,13-15 (usually 14 ½); A III,7; scales ctenoid (rough to touch); lateral line scales 43-50; scales between lateral line and dorsal-fin origin 7; scales around caudal peduncle 20, 9 above lateral line and 9 below; body depth 2.5 to 3 times in standard length; head blunt, its upper profile convex; mouth small; maxilla reaching to eye; teeth in jaws arranged in villiform (brushlike) bands; swimbladder without anteriolateral horn-like extensions. Colour: juveniles brilliant silvery green above to golden silver on sides and silvery white on belly with 12 or more faint vertical bars comprised of small dark brown spots or irregular blotches; dorsal fin spotted with black-brown spots on lower half of spinous dorsal fin and in 3 rows on rayed dorsal fin; margin of soft dorsal fin darker and lower tip of caudal fin milk white; adults uniform golden green above, silvery below with traces of the vertical bars present only when alive and spots on dorsal fins indistinct or absent (Ref. 47695).
身體是細長的; 頭部輪廓些微中凸; 唇沒有變厚; 在下巴下面的 2個孔與一個中央的凹槽。 在背鰭起源之前的沒有向前及向上的棘; 那刺狀的和背鰭的有軟鰭的部分之間的一個深的凹槽。 色彩是通常側邊上銀色的有金的色彩; 上面的鰓蓋橄欖色-黃色; 吻部暗色的, 覆蓋著黃色。 幼魚在上側面上有 7-11 垂直的條紋; 較舊的一些有帶狀的由排列成垂直的列斑點形成。
Inhabit turbid inshore waters with sandy to muddy bottoms to a depth of 75 m. Enter estuaries, may tolerate water with low salinity. Often associated with inshore wrecks (Ref. 4332). Feed on crustaceans and fish (Ref. 5213, 48635). Spawners form shoals near river mouths during the winter. Good food fish (Ref. 2799). Taken by handline, set net, trap, and spear. Marketed fresh, a small quantity is salted or smoked (Ref. 47695).
棲息於混濁的近岸水域且底部為沙或泥的地方到深度 75 公尺。 進入河口, 可以容忍低鹽度的水。 時常伴隨著近海殘骸.(參考文獻 4332) 捕食甲殼類動物和魚類。 (參考文獻 5213,48635) 產卵魚在冬天期間在河口的附近形成淺灘。 好食用魚.(參考文獻 2799)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).印度-西太平洋: 非洲東岸; 包括馬達加斯加，塞錫爾群島， Farrquhar 與科羅摩群島; 也紅海與波斯灣;(參考文獻 11441) 延伸過東南亞北至台灣而且南至澳洲的昆士蘭省。
Smith, M.M. and R.J. McKay, 1986. Haemulidae. p. 564-571. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 2799)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 15 July 2020
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.1 - 29, mean 28 °C (based on 1730 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01413 (0.01157 - 0.01724), b=2.98 (2.94 - 3.02), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.53 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.25-0.57).
Prior r = 0.88, 95% CL = 0.58 - 1.32, Based on 2 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (72 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 27.3 [9.6, 52.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.506 [0.264, 0.870] mg/100g; Protein = 19.7 [17.9, 21.5] %; Omega3 = 0.137 [0.077, 0.230] g/100g; Selenium = 39.7 [23.7, 68.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 46.5 [17.5, 123.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.09 [0.76, 1.60] mg/100g (wet weight);
