分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Mulliformes (Goatfishes)
鱸形目 (Goatfishes) >
Mullidae (Goatfishes)
鬚鯛科 (Goatfishes)
Etymology: Parupeneus: Latin, parum, parvum = small + Peneus, the name of a river.
More on author: Lacepède.
Issue
FishBase common name changed from Dash-and-dot goatfish to Dotdash goatfish (Uiblein et al., 2024: Ref. 130857).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 0 - 100 m (Ref. 90102). 熱帶; 34°N - 34°S, 22°E - 134°W
Indo-Pacific: Gulf of Aden and Oman, south on the east coast of Africa to Mossel Bay, South Africa, east to the islands of Micronesia, Line Islands, Marquesas Islands, and Tuamotu Archipelago; and from southern Japan to Australia and New Caledonia.
印度-太平洋: 東非南至南非 (參考文獻 5405) 與向東至列島群島，馬貴斯群島與 Tuamoto 島, 北至日本南部, 南至澳洲.(參考文獻 2334)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 19.2, range 13 - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9710); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 30573)
背棘 (總數) : 8; 背的軟條 (總數) : 9; 臀棘: 1; 臀鰭軟條: 7. This species is distinguished by the following characters: pectoral rays 16-18 (usually 17); gill rakers 6-7 + 20-25 = 26-31; body moderately elongate, depth 3.3-3.7 in SL; head length (HL) 2.6-3.0 in SL; snout length 1.45-2.1 in HL (relatively longer with growth); barbel length 1.4-1.6 in HL; longest dorsal spine 1.15-1.75 in HL (longer with growth); penultimate dorsal soft ray about equal to last ray in young, 1.2 in last ray in large adults; pectoral fins 1.5-1.75 in HL; pelvic fins 1.35-1.6 in HL. Colour of body whitish with a dark brown to black stripe (red on fish in deeper water) from upper lip through eye to below posterior part of second dorsal fin or anteriorly on upper caudal peduncle; body above stripe yellow or yellowish gray; body below whitish, scale edges narrowly gray to brownish red; a black or red spot larger than eye at the midbase of caudal fin; some large adults with centers of scales below dark stripe pale blue, the edges yellow or with yellow spots, especially posteriorly; peritoneum dark brown (Ref. 54393).
黑色的斑紋從眼睛後面與眼睛大小黑色的肉梗斑點。 在黑色者上面的黃色長條, 最明顯的幼年時。 (參考文獻 48636)
One of the most abundant species of Parupeneus (Ref. 37816). Adults, solitary or in small groups inhabit large sand patches as well as sand and rubble areas of reef flats, and lagoon and seaward reefs to a depth of about 100 m. Juveniles usually in small groups, often mixed with other species in sparse seagrass habitats (Ref. 48636). Adults forage on sand-dwelling invertebrates like polychaete worms and crustaceans. Feeding is diurnal; from 19 adult specimens for food-habit study, the prey in order by volume in the stomachs: crabs (portunid, anomuran, xanthid, and raninid), worms (mainly polychaetes but also sipunculids and unidentified), small bivalve molluscs, brachiopods, shrimps, small gastropods, isopods, amphipods, foraminifera, and a small unidentified eel (Ref. 54393). Individuals from Palau and eastern Carolines often have a yellow band immediately above the broad black band extending behind the eye (Ref. 37816). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 128797.
Parupeneus 的最豐富種之一.(參考文獻 37816) 棲息於大的沙子區塊以及礁石平臺的沙子與碎石區 , 與潟湖與臨海礁石到深度大約 100 公尺。 獵食棲息於砂中的無脊椎動物例如多毛類的蠕蟲與甲殼動物。 來自帛琉與加羅林群島東部的個體時常有一個黃色的條紋延伸到眼後面的緊接在寬的黑色條紋上。 (參考文獻 37816) 成魚獨居性或形成小群魚群。 稚魚通常形成小群魚群, 時常在稀疏的海草棲息地混和著其他的種.(參考文獻 48636)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Mature individuals migrate shoreward to spawn and feed (Ref. 7002). Some immature Individuals with size ranging from 16.1 to 22.5 cm FL from this study are bisexual, however, this species is classified as a functional gonochore (Ref. 125700).印度-太平洋: 東非南至南非 (參考文獻 5405) 與向東至列島群島，馬貴斯群島與 Tuamoto 島, 北至日本南部, 南至澳洲.(參考文獻 2334)
Randall, J.E., 2004. Revision of the goatfish genus Parupeneus (Perciformes: Mullidae), with descriptions of two new species. Indo-Pac. Fish. (36):64 p. (Ref. 54393)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 11 March 2015
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.6 - 29, mean 27.9 °C (based on 1480 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00931 - 0.01416), b=3.09 (3.06 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.38 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 5.3 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.21-0.22).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 22 [12, 48] mg/100g; Iron = 0.268 [0.136, 0.587] mg/100g; Protein = 17.8 [14.5, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.114 [0.066, 0.208] g/100g; Selenium = 66.7 [33.1, 142.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 158 [31, 651] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.487 [0.293, 0.925] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
