分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 0 - 45 m (Ref. 58652). 熱帶; 35°N - 30°S, 30°E - 140°W
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to the Hawaiian, Line and Tuamoto islands, north to southern Japan, south to Australia.
印度-太平洋: 紅海而且東非到夏威夷群島，列島群島與 Tuamoto 島, 北至日本南部, 南至澳洲。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 22.6, range 23 - ? cm
Max length : 53.0 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 125599); common length : 45.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 57863); 最大體重: 3.6 kg (Ref. 125599)
背棘 (總數) : 11; 背的軟條 (總數) : 11 - 12; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 11 - 12.
灰色的有暗淡的鰭。 當小的或亞成魚有灰白的，形成水平線的鱗片中心沿著鱗片列。 背鰭與臀鰭的軟棘的部位向前延長, 在垂直的後緣附近造成。 吻更多角下來相較於其他的種。 (參考文獻 48636)
Found in aggregations over hard, algal coated bottoms of exposed, surf-swept outer reef flats, lagoon and seaward reefs, to a depth of at least 24 m (Ref. 30573). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Juveniles associated with floating material (Ref. 58302). Mainly herbivorous, feeding on seaweed and associated invertebrates (Ref. 30573). Appear to be more commonly involved in hallucinogenic fish poisoning than most other related species (Ref. 4690). Caught with other types of artisanal gear. Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 128797.
聚集在暴露﹐海浪沖刷的外礁平臺，潟湖與臨海礁石的堅硬海藻覆蓋底部上了, 到深度至少 24 公尺。 主要食草, 吃海草與相連的無脊椎動物.(參考文獻 30573) 超過其他大部分的相關種似乎更常牽涉到引起幻覺的魚毒。 (參考文獻 4690) 用其他類型的漁民專業網具捕獲了。 最小深度報告取自參考文獻 30874 。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Oviparous (Ref. 101771).印度-太平洋: 紅海而且東非到夏威夷群島，列島群島與 Tuamoto 島, 北至日本南部, 南至澳洲。
Knudsen, S.W. and K.D. Clements, 2013. Revision of the fish family Kyphosidae (Teleostei: Perciformes). Zootaxa 3751(1):001-101. (Ref. 95491)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 07 July 2014
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.7 - 29, mean 27.7 °C (based on 854 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01995 (0.01253 - 0.03176), b=3.01 (2.87 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.9 ±0.33 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 4.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.25).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (62 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 43.6 [27.1, 58.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.56 [0.38, 0.86] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [18, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.123 [0.091, 0.167] g/100g; Selenium = 34.6 [22.7, 54.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 63.4 [24.5, 160.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.27 [0.97, 1.64] mg/100g (wet weight);
