Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas; estuarina demersal; intervalo de profundidade 1 - 80 m (Ref. 3507). Subtropical; 22°S - 35°S
Western Indian Ocean: Natal to the Cape in South Africa.
Comprimento de primeira maturação / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm ?, range 53 - ? cm
Max length : 150 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 3507); peso máx. publicado: 34.4 kg (Ref. 40637)
Descrição suscinta
Chaves de identificação | Morfologia | Morfometria
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 12; Raios dorsais (total) : 10; Espinhos anais: 3; Raios anais : 8. Adults with a large fleshy 'nose'.
Inhabits shallow, rocky coastal areas to 80 m depth. Rarely enters estuaries. Feeds on crabs, crayfish, sea urchins and other hard-shelled animals (Ref. 3670). Takes almost any bait (Ref. 3198). Important food fish. Head considered a delicacy in some areas (Ref. 3198). It is parasitised by the monogenean Anoplodiscus cirrusspiralis on the fins and body surface (Ref. 124057).
Ciclo de vida ou comportamento de acasalamento
Maturidade | Reprodução | Desova | Ovos | Fecundidade | Larvas
Bauchot, M.-L. and M.M. Smith, 1984. Sparidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 4. [var. pag.] FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3507)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Ameaça para os humanos
Harmless
Uso pelos humanos
Pescarias: espécies comerciais; peixe esportivo: sim
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
Baixar XML
Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 16.7 - 26, mean 23.9 °C (based on 36 cells).
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01514 (0.00830 - 0.02759), b=3.06 (2.91 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.40 se; based on food items.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): Muito baixo(a), tempo mínimo de duplicação da população maior que 14 anos (K=0.05; tmax=45).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (74 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 35.5 [18.7, 71.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.796 [0.436, 1.497] mg/100g; Protein = 19.9 [18.9, 21.0] %; Omega3 = 0.312 [0.189, 0.521] g/100g; Selenium = 32.4 [14.4, 64.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.53 [2.05, 23.50] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.739 [0.512, 1.054] mg/100g (wet weight);
