分類 / Names
共通名の | 類義語 | Catalog of Fishes(部類, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態学
海; 新鮮な水; 汽水性の; 昇流魚 (Ref. 51243); 深さの範囲 ? - 40 m (Ref. 5217). Subtropical; 19°N - 41°S, 88°W - 34°W (Ref. 101638)
Western Atlantic: Belize (but no southerly records until Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela); then from Gulf of Venezuela and Trinidad south to Argentina at Carmen de Patagones; also lower and sometimes middle parts of the Orinoco, the Amazon to above Manaus, and Paraná to about Corrientes, and in smaller rivers.
Length at first maturity / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢
Maturity: Lm 11.2 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 23.5 cm SL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 50628); common length : 20.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 5217); 最大公表体重: 57.00 g (Ref. 118626)
背面の脊椎 (合計) : 0; 背鰭 (合計) : 13 - 14; 肛門の骨: 0; 臀鰭: 21 - 28. Depth widely variable. Snout about 2/3 eye diameter; maxilla moderate, pointed, reaching onto sub-operculum. Gill rakers short, the longest not less than pupil diameter in adults. Dorsal fin origin behind midpoint of body; anal fin origin below 6th-8th branched dorsal fin rays. Silver stripe up to twice eye diameter at widest, lost in fishes over 10 cm SL. Curve of black dots on operculum (Ref. 189). Grayish blue dorsally, fins yellowish with translucent membranes and a blackish caudal margin (Ref. 27363).
Occurs in brackish estuaries and adjacent marine areas; penetrates freshwater (Ref. 5217). Forms moderate schools. Usually migrating from estuaries or the sea, but possibly the limnichthys of Lake Maracaibo and the amazonensis represent purely freshwater forms. In freshwater, it feeds principally on small fishes, prawns and copepods; also insect larvae. At sea, it feeds on fishes and various crustaceans. Spawns in freshwater. Year round occurrence of eggs reported.
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟 | 繁殖 | 放精 | 卵 | 生産力 | 幼生
Spawn in school (Ref. 205).
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
IUCNのレッドリストの状況は (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Human uses
水産業: 少数商業の
用具
特記事項
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インターネットの情報源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15.1 - 28, mean 26.2 °C (based on 250 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00575 (0.00469 - 0.00706), b=3.16 (3.10 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
栄養段階 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.67 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 手段, １．４年～４．４年の倍増期間の最小個体群 (Assuming tmax>3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 117 [67, 246] mg/100g; Iron = 1.64 [0.93, 2.82] mg/100g; Protein = 19.7 [18.3, 21.2] %; Omega3 = 0.718 [0.413, 1.409] g/100g; Selenium = 15.1 [7.6, 31.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20.2 [6.2, 55.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.05 [0.73, 1.51] mg/100g (wet weight);
