分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings)
鯡目 (Herrings) >
Engraulidae (Anchovies)
鯷科 (Anchovies) > Engraulinae
Etymology: Anchoa: Italian ancioa = anchovy (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Dr Samuel Latham Mitchill (1764–1831) was an American physician, naturalist and politician. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Valenciennes.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水; 非产卵性溯降河的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 1 - 70 m (Ref. 93252), usually 1 - 36 m (Ref. 189). 亞熱帶的; 42°N - 16°N, 99°W - 72°W (Ref. 189)
Western Atlantic: Casco Bay, Maine south to Florida Keys and westward around the Gulf of Mexico south to Yucatán; not in the West Indies.
西大西洋: 緬因州的卡思可灣南至佛羅里達珊瑚礁而且墨西哥灣的周圍向西南至尤卡坦半島; 不是在西印度群島。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 4.3, range 4 - 4.5 cm
Max length : 10.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 189); common length : 6.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 12193)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 0; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 23 - 31. Body variable, more slender in northern populations. Snout fairly blunt, a little over 1/2 eye diameter; maxilla long, tip pointed, reaching beyond hind border of pre-operculum, almost to gill opening; panamensis-type gill cover canals. Anal fin rays rarely 28, its origin below unbranched dorsal fin rays. Anus nearer to pelvic fin tips than to anal fin origin.
身体可变的, 更细长的在北方的族群。 吻非常钝的, 稍微超过 1/2 眼直径; 颚骨长的, 顶端尖的, 超过前鳃盖的后部边缘, 几乎到鳃裂; panamensis-类型的鳃盖运河。 臀鳍棘条很少地 28, 在不分枝的背鳍鳍条之下的它的起源。 超过到臀鳍起源对腹鳍顶端肛门较接近。
More commonly found in shallow tidal areas with muddy bottoms and brackish waters, tolerating a wide range of salinities (virtually fresh to fully saline or hypersaline). Found only in spring and summer in the tidal portion of the Ochlockonee River, Florida. Feed mostly on Mysis and copepods, also small fishes, gastropods and isopods. Breed off North Carolina from late April to mid-July, perhaps through to August. Used to some extent to make anchovy paste (Ref. 189).
更多用被容忍宽范围的盐度的泥底部与半咸淡水域普遍发现于水浅的潮汐区域。 (事实上从淡水到完全盐或高盐度) 发现在佛罗里达的 Ochlockonee 河的潮汐部分中只在春天与夏天中。 大部份捕食 Mysis 与桡脚类的动物，也捕食小鱼，腹足动物与等足目动物。 繁殖来自迟的四月到七月中旬的外海的北卡罗莱那州, 也许直到八月。 使用范围制造 鱼浆。 (参考文献 189)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Spawn in school (Ref. 205).西大西洋: 緬因州的卡思可灣南至佛羅里達珊瑚礁而且墨西哥灣的周圍向西南至尤卡坦半島; 不是在西印度群島。
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 诱饵: usually
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特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13.2 - 26.9, mean 24 °C (based on 432 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00589 (0.00475 - 0.00730), b=3.16 (3.12 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.33 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (K>0.30; tmax=3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 204 [126, 469] mg/100g; Iron = 1.83 [1.02, 3.40] mg/100g; Protein = 17.8 [15.4, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.543 [0.295, 1.019] g/100g; Selenium = 15.6 [7.4, 36.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 28.9 [9.4, 78.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.42 [0.97, 2.19] mg/100g (wet weight);
