Issue
No recent species description, but see Weitzman et al. (1988) & Menezes & Weitzman (1990) for identification and relationships. See Burns et al. (1995) for evidence of insemination. See Nelson (1964a) for discussion of courtship behavior.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Sinh thái học
; Nước ngọt Sống nổi và đáy. Tropical; 18°C - 23°C (Ref. 2059)
South America: usually in clear coastal streams from southern Bahia to northern Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Also found in some areas of the high Iguaçu River (Ref. 84543).
Length at first maturity / Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Maturity: Lm 2.8, range 3 - 3 cm
Max length : 6.1 cm SL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 38597)
Inhabit small to moderate-sized streams or rivers (Ref. 30267). Aquarium specimens reach 9.0 cm TL (Ref. 30267). Mature females keep live sperm cells in their ovary through insemination which occurs during the dry season (Ref. 84543). Spawning period coincides with the rainy season to ensure increased survival of offsprings (Ref. 84543).
Burns, J.R., S.H. Weitzman, K.R. Lange and L.R. Malabarba, 1998. Sperm ultrastructure in Characid fishes (Teleostei: Ostariophysi). p. 235-244. In L.R. Malabarba, R.E. Reis, R.P. Vari, Z.M.S. Lucena and C.A.S. Lucena (eds.) Phylogeny and classification of neotropical fishes. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS. (Ref. 34096)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00671 - 0.01877), b=2.93 (2.79 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.41 se; based on food items.
Thích nghi nhanh (Ref.
120179): Chiêù cao, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là dưới 15 tháng (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).