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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Haemulidae (Grunts) > Haemulinae
Etymology: Parakuhlia: Greek, para = by the side of + Because of Heindrich Kuhl, 1797-1821; researcher also with lizards (Gekkonida.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري القاع; نطاق العمق ? - 30 m (Ref. 2683). Tropical
Eastern Central Atlantic: Senegal to Angola.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 20.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 2683); common length : 15.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 2683)
Neritic species (Ref. 7356). Inhabits inshore water, frequenting rocky coast and beaches to depths of 20 m (Ref. 9675).
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).
Maugé, L.A. and M. Desoutter, 1990. Kuhliidae. p. 711. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7356)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.1 - 28, mean 27.3 °C (based on 192 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01660 (0.00778 - 0.03542), b=3.02 (2.84 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
المرونه (Ref.
120179): عالي, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع أقل من 15 شهر (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
