Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Sinh thái học
Biển Cùng sống ở rạn san hô; Mức độ sâu 10 - 80 m (Ref. 5222). Tropical; 21°N - 21°S, 94°E - 143°E (Ref. 5222)
Western Central Pacific: known only from tropical waters, from Thailand and the Philippines to northern Australia.
Length at first maturity / Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Maturity: Lm ?, range 13 - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 48635)
Các tia vây lưng cứng (tổng cộng) : 11; Các vây lưng mềm (tổng cộng) : 14 - 16; Tia cứng vây hậu môn: 3; Tia mềm vây hậu môn: 8. Preopercle with two to four greatly enlarged serrae at its angle; upper edge of the operculum straight; nostril sub equal. Maxilla reaches to or slightly past the vertical a rear edge of the eye. Pectoral fins not fleshy. Pyloric caeca 7 or 8. Color of head and body pale grayish brown with 5 dark brown bars on the body and 1 on nape. Scattered pale spots may be present on body and some faint small brown spots are often on the edges of the dark bars. The soft dorsal, caudal, and pelvic fins dusky gray, the pectoral fins grayish or orange-red. The jaws and ventral parts of the head sometimes pale reddish brown.
Common on silty sand or mud bottoms. Its preference for soft-bottom habitats may account for its restricted distribution and absence at oceanic islands. Feeds on small fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 89707).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Chín muồi sinh dục | Sự tái sinh sản | Đẻ trứng | Các trứng | Sự sinh sản | Ấu trùng
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Các nghề cá: Tính thương mại
Các công cụ
Special reports
Download XML
Các nguồn internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 26.8 - 29.1, mean 28.3 °C (based on 926 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01318 (0.00832 - 0.02089), b=3.05 (2.92 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Thích nghi nhanh (Ref.
120179): Trung bình, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là 1.4 - 4.4 năm (K=0.16).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (26 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 37.5 [18.4, 75.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.574 [0.309, 1.201] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [17.1, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.136 [0.085, 0.214] g/100g; Selenium = 38.1 [21.1, 66.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 158 [44, 554] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.34 [0.92, 1.89] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
