Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien; zoet water; brak water demersaal; katadroom (Ref. 46888); diepte 10 - ? m. Tropical; 29°N - 22°S, 36°E - 170°E
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea, Socotra to the west coast of India, Sri Lanka and extending to the east coast of India, Bangladesh, Andamans, Malaysia, China, the Marianas and Guam, the Philippines, and Australia.
Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 30573); common length : 33.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 30573)
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 5; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 8; Anale stekels: 3; Anale zachte stralen: 9.
Mostly found in marine waters, but enters estuaries and backwaters. Feed on small algae, diatoms, and other organic matter, both living and detrital, taken in with sand and mud. Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205). Spawning takes place at sea. Also caught with stakenets. Marketed fresh.
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven
Thomson, J.M., 1984. Mugilidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 3. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 2830)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: commercieel; Aquacultuur: commercieel
Tools
Speciale rapporten
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Internetbronnen
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.6 - 29.1, mean 28.3 °C (based on 938 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01479 (0.00849 - 0.02577), b=2.93 (2.78 - 3.08), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 2.0 ±0.00 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 6.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (K=0.17).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).