分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Siluriformes (Catfishes)
鯰形目 (Catfishes) >
Clariidae (Airbreathing catfishes)
塘蝨魚科 (Airbreathing catfishes)
Etymology: Clarias: Greek, chlaros = lively, in reference to the ability of the fish to live for a long time out of water.
More on author: Günther.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 1 - ? m (Ref. 9987). 熱帶; 34°N - 4°N
Asia: Thailand to Viet Nam. Introduced to China, Malaysia, Guam and the Philippines.
亞洲: 泰國到越南。 引進了中國，馬來西亞，關島與菲律賓。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 19 - ? cm
Max length : 120 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9987); 最大體重: 45.0 kg (Ref. 9987)
背棘 (總數) : 0. Distinguished from Southeast Asian congeners by an extremely short and rounded occipital process and by a very high dorsal fin. The combination of these characters are diagnostic for the species (Ref. 33566). Occipital process wide, broadly curved, with length 3-5 times in its width; distance between dorsal and occipital process 5-7 times in distance from tip of snout to end of occipital process (Ref. 43281).
與一個非常短與圓形的後頭骨的突起與一個很高背鰭的東南亞同類區分了。 這些特徵的組合是此魚種的鑑別特徵。 (參考文獻 33566) 後頭骨突起寬的, 寬廣地彎曲, 藉由長度 3-5 倍它的寬度; 距離的背部而後頭骨的突起 5-7 倍從吻尖到後頭骨突起的末端之間的距離.(參考文獻 43281)
Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Lives in lowland wetlands and rivers (Ref. 57235). Recorded as having been or being farmed in rice fields (Ref. 119549). Occurs in shallow, open water and is capable of lying buried in mud for lengthy period if ponds and lakes evaporate during dry seasons (Ref. 9987). Can move out of the water using its extended fins (Ref. 9987). Found in medium to large-sized rivers, stagnant water bodies including sluggish flowing canals and flooded fields of the Mekong (Ref. 12975). Spawns in small streams (Ref. 9987). Feeds on aquatic insects, young shrimps and small fishes (Ref. 6459). In Thailand, it was thought wrongly as female of Clarias batrachus (Ref 2686). Important foodfish and in pond cultures (Ref. 57235). Marketed live, fresh and frozen; consumed fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9987). Cultivated on a small scale but attempts to farm it are increasing (Ref. 9987).
出現於淺灘, 開放水域而且能夠泥中埋藏自己冗長的時期如果池塘與湖在乾季的時候蒸發.(參考文獻 9987) 能移出使用它的擴大鰭的水。 (參考文獻 9987) 發現於包括湄公河的滯流管與被水淹沒的田野的中到大型的河，污濁的水體了。 (參考文獻 12975) 產卵在小的溪流。 (參考文獻 9987) 吃水生昆蟲，幼魚蝦與小魚。 (參考文獻 6459) 在泰國與寮國，這一個魚一般認為比較好與比 Clarias batrachus 更有營養; 罕見在寮國但是常見於泰國; 錯誤地在泰國 (參考文獻 2686) 認為如 Clarias batrachus 的母魚。 活魚銷售了, 生鮮和冷凍; 消費油炸, 火烤而且燒烤。 (參考文獻 9987) 小規模的養殖了，但是嚐試的養殖正在增加。 (參考文獻 9987)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Eggs are attached to the roots of plants. Male takes charge of these eggs until they are hatched out.亞洲: 泰國到越南。 引進了中國，馬來西亞，關島與菲律賓。
Teugels, G.G., R.C. Diego, L. Pouyaud and M. Legendre, 1999. Redescription of Clarias macrocephalus (Siluriformes: Clariidae) from South-East Asia. Cybium 23(3):285-295. (Ref. 33566)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00452 - 0.01601), b=2.97 (2.81 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.58 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Assuming tm=1; Fec=800-14,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (72 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 16.9 [7.6, 71.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.76 [0.42, 1.38] mg/100g; Protein = 16.4 [15.4, 17.5] %; Omega3 = 0.114 [0.052, 0.270] g/100g; Selenium = 111 [45, 288] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16.1 [5.4, 48.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.565 [0.400, 0.811] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
