Issue
Mugil amarulus Valenciennes, 1936, Mugil kelaartii Günther, 1861, and Mugil longimanus Günther, 1861 are synonyms of Moolgarda perusii (Valenciennes, 1836) according to Eschmeyer (CofF ver Jan. 2013: Ref. 92887).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / rango de profundidad / distribution range
Ecología
marino; agua dulce; salobre demersal; catadromo (Ref. 26213); rango de profundidad 0 - 3 m (Ref. 86942). Tropical
Indo-West Pacific (Ref. 4393), including African east coast river estuaries as far south as Algoa Bay, South Africa (Ref. 52193). Recorded as far inland as Zimbabwe on the Save River (Ref. 52193).
Length at first maturity / Tamaño / Peso / Age
Madurez: Lm 15.1  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 41.0 cm SL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 52193); common length : 25.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 30573)
Espinas dorsales (total) : 4 - 5; Radios blandos dorsales (total) : 9 - 10; Espinas anales: 2 - 3; Radios blandos anales: 9.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: circular.
Occur in shallow coastal waters, including estuaries and backwaters, frequently enters freshwater. Form larger aggregations during spawning which takes place at sea. Young individuals enter tidal rivers. Feed on organic matter contained in sand and mud (Ref. 30573). Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205). Marketed fresh and salted. Decays rapidly, but well liked when fresh.
Thomson, J.M., 1984. Mugilidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 3. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 2830)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Pesquerías: comercial; carnada: usually
Herramientas
Special reports
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Fuentes de Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Referencia
123201): 24.8 - 29.3, mean 28.5 °C (based on 2356 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Referencia
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00996 - 0.01324), b=2.95 (2.91 - 2.99), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Nivel trófico (Referencia
69278): 2.4 ±0.21 se; based on food items.
Resiliencia (Referencia
120179): Medio, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo de 1.4-4.4 años (K=0.3-0.7;).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 217 [97, 488] mg/100g; Iron = 1.38 [0.63, 2.91] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [16.7, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.253 [0.124, 0.558] g/100g; Selenium = 33.3 [15.6, 75.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.9 [4.5, 50.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.87 [1.25, 2.78] mg/100g (wet weight);