分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Synbranchiformes (Spiny eels)
合鰓魚目 (Spiny eels) >
Synbranchidae (Swamp-eels)
合鰓魚科 (Swamp-eels)
Etymology: Monopterus: Greek, monos = one, unique + Greek, pteron = fin (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 3 - ? m (Ref. 2686). 熱帶; 25°C - 28°C (Ref. 2060); 34°N - 6°S
Asia: India to China, Japan, Malaysia and Indonesia. Probably occurring in Bangladesh.
亞洲: 印度到中國，日本，馬來西亞與印尼。 可能出現在孟加拉。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2686); common length : 40.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 44894)
Anguilliform body; no scales; no pectoral and pelvic fins; dorsal, caudal and anal fins confluent and reduced to a skin fold; gill openings merged into single slit underneath the head (Ref. 27732). Rice paddy eels are red to brown with a sprinkling of dark flecks across their backs; large mouths and small eyes (Ref. 44091).
鰻魚狀的身體; 沒有鱗片; 沒有胸鰭與腹鰭; 背鰭、尾鰭與臀鰭匯合的而且縮小成皮膚摺層; 鰓裂在頭部的下面合併成單一裂縫了。 (參考文獻 27732) 稻田鰻魚是紅色到褐色的有橫過他們的背部的一個深色斑紋的噴霧; 大的嘴與小的眼.(參考文獻 44091)
Obligate air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Found in hill streams to lowland wetlands (Ref. 57235) often occurring in ephemeral waters (Ref. 44894). Adults are found in medium to large rivers, flooded fields and stagnant waters including sluggish flowing canals (Ref. 12975, 12693), in streamlets and estuaries (Ref. 41236). Benthic (Ref. 58302), burrowing in moist earth in dry season surviving for long periods without water (Ref 2686). Occasionally dug out in old taro fields, in Hawaii, long after the field has been drained; more frequently observed in stream clearing operations using heavy equipment to remove large amounts of silt and vegetation where the eels are hidden (Ref. 44091). Nocturnal predators devouring fishes, worms, crustaceans, and other small aquatic animals (Ref. 44091); also feed on detritus. Are protandrous hermaphrodites. The male guards and builds nest or burrow (Ref. 205). Marketed fresh and can be kept alive for long periods of time as long as the skin is kept moist (Ref. 12693). Good flesh (Ref. 2686). Important fisheries throughout Southeast Asia (Ref. 57235).
發現於對低地的窪地丘陵的溪流.。 (參考文獻 57235) 出現於小溪，管與河口。 (參考文獻 41236) 生活在泥濘的池塘，沼澤與稻田; 在濕地中掘穴在乾季時長時間在沒有水的情形下存活 (參考文獻 2686). 常見於稻田。 (參考文獻 12693) 棲息於靜止的沼澤與池塘的水, 但是有時逐漸地發現於流動的溪流。 時常出現於短暫存在的水域中。 (參考文獻 44894) 在夏威夷，偶然地在舊的芋田中挖出., 在田野已經乾涸之後很久; 更時常在使用重機械除去大量的淤泥與植物的溪流浚喋工程中觀察鰻魚就藏著那裡.(參考文獻 44091) 發現於包括滯流的管的中型到大型河川，被水淹沒的田野與污濁的水域.。 (參考文獻 12975) 他們是夜行的掠食者吞食魚，蠕蟲，甲殼動物與其他的小水生的動物;(參考文獻 44091) 也吃碎屑。 在乾季的時候沼澤的最深部份挖掘後發現他們。 在市場上銷售生鮮地.而且能被長時間保持存活只要皮膚保持潮溼.(參考文獻 12693) 肉質佳.(參考文獻 2686) 雄性先熟的雌雄同體。 在東南亞各處的重要漁場.(參考文獻 57235)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Male builds a large free-floating bubblenest among the submerged vegetation close to the shoreline; eggs are spat into the nest after being laid; male guards the nest and continues to guard the young after hatching till they are on their own (Ref. 44091). Spawning occurs in shallow water (Ref. 2060). Sex reversal is completed in 8-30 weeks (Ref. 34260).亞洲: 印度到中國，日本，馬來西亞與印尼。 可能出現在孟加拉。
Talwar, P.K. and A.G. Jhingran, 1991. Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. Volume 2. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, i-xxii + 543-1158, 1 pl. (Ref. 4833)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 10 November 2020
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 商業性; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00059 (0.00037 - 0.00095), b=3.06 (2.92 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.9 ±0.28 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 10.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Fec = 1,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (65 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 260 [73, 603] mg/100g; Iron = 1.07 [0.42, 2.82] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [17.0, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.0997 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 30.9 [14.1, 74.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 13.2 [4.2, 37.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.44 [0.74, 2.67] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
