Issue
This species is synonym of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 in Eschmeyer (CofF ver. Nov. 2020: Ref. 86697) following Thomson (1997) and Whitfield et al. (2012). More studies are needed, or please send reference.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) βενθικό(ς). Tropical
Southeast Pacific: known only from the Galapagos Islands.
Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 11482)
Form schools over sandy bottoms. Fees mainly on detritus and algae, but also on insects, fish eggs, and plankton. Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση | Αναπαραγωγή | Γεννοβολία | Αβγά | Γονιμότητα | Προνύμφες
Allen, G.R. and D.R. Robertson, 1994. Fishes of the tropical eastern Pacific. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu. 332 p. (Ref. 11482)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00538 - 0.02451), b=2.95 (2.78 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 2.5 ±0.24 se; based on food items.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Μεσαίο(α), ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 1,4 - 4,4 έτη (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 334 [124, 1,024] mg/100g; Iron = 2.7 [0.5, 13.3] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [17.2, 20.4] %; Omega3 = 0.333 [0.139, 0.766] g/100g; Selenium = 112 [37, 422] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18.5 [4.7, 68.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 2.41 [1.21, 5.71] mg/100g (wet weight);