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Gonorynchiformes (Milkfishes) >
Gonorynchidae (Beaked salmons)
Etymology: Gonorynchus: Greek, gonia (γονια) = angle, corner + Greek, rhyngchos (or rhúnkhos - ῥύγχος) = snout (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) βενθικό(ς); εύρος βάθους 0 - 200 m (Ref. 5755). Tropical; 15°S -
Southeast Atlantic: off southern Africa from the Skeleton Coast, Namibia round Cape of Good Hope to Natal, South Africa. Reported from Mozambique (Ref. 5213). Apart from the St. Helena, it has not been recorded elsewhere in the Atlantic. Western Pacific: Japan (Ref. 559), Chesterfield Islands (Ref. 11897), southern Australia and New Zealand (Ref. 4537). Eastern Pacific: Chile (Ref. 3975).
Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 5288); common length : 55.0 cm NG αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 5755)
Short description
Κλείδες προσδιορισμού | Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 0; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 11 - 12; Εδρικές άκανθες: 0; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 8 - 9; Σπόνδυλοι: 62 - 63. Inside of mouth and gills purplish (Ref. 3975). Lower lip of mouth with elongated forked papillae.
Inhabits sandy bottoms along the shoreline (Ref. 5213) to depths of 200 m (Ref. 5755). Nocturnal, found buried in sand or mud during the day (Ref. 5755). Feeds on benthic and burrowing invertebrates (Ref. 5755). Pelagic young preyed upon by seabirds or found ashore during bad weather (Ref. 3975). Marketed fresh (Ref. 3411).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση | Αναπαραγωγή | Γεννοβολία | Αβγά | Γονιμότητα | Προνύμφες
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1984. Gonorhynchidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean fishing area 51. Vol. 2. [pag. var.] FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3411)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
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Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14 - 25.4, mean 17.4 °C (based on 324 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00180 - 0.00842), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).