分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Characiformes (Characins)
脂鯉目 (Characins) >
Alestidae (African tetras)
Alestidae (African tetras)
Etymology: Hydrocynus: Greek, hydr = water + Greek, kyon = dog (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Castelnau.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 居於水底的; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243). 熱帶; 22°C - 28°C (Ref. 12468)
West-Africa: Niger, Bénoué, Ouémé, Senegal (Ref. 2880, 5331, 7248, 81279), Ouémé (unconfirmed, Ref. 81279), Chad (Ref. 2880, 5331, 81279). Also found in the Volta (Ref. 5331, 81279) and Mono rivers (Ref. 81279). Lower Guinea: Cross and Sanaga basins (Ref. 80290). Widespread throughout the Congo River basin (Ref. 4910, 41585, 41594, 42510, 45616, 52070, 89725, 106290). Also reported from Nile, Omo, Zambezi, Limpopo, Rovuma, Shire, Rufiji, Ruaha, Lake Tanganyika, Lake Rukwa (Ref. 2880, 80290), Lake Albert (Ref. 4903) and Lake Kariba (Ref. 27602), Malagarazi, Okavango and lower reaches of coastal systems south to the Pongolo (Ref. 7248).
非洲: 尼日/Benoue ， Oueme ，塞內加爾，尼羅河， Omo ，剛果， Lufira ，盧阿拉巴河， Luapula ， Zambeze ，凌波波河， Rovuma ，海岸， Rufiji ， Ruaha ， Wami 與 Ruvu。 湖 - Bangweolo ， Moero ，坦噶尼喀， Upemba ，魯誇與 Malagarazi。 也奧塔萬戈河與海岸系統的下游南至澎哥洛河。 (參考文獻 7248) 也發現於卡裡巴湖。 (參考文獻 27602)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 39.8 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 105 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 40637); 74.0 cm FL (female); 最大體重: 28.0 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年齡: 8 年 (Ref. 2754)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 10; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 15. Diagnosis: large fang-like teeth overlapping the jaws when the mouth is closed; gill-rakers long, about equal to the length of gill filaments; body generally > 22% of SL (Ref. 28714). 43-53 scales in lateral line; 2 scale rows between lateral line and scaly process at pelvic-fin bases; eye < 70% of interorbital space (Ref. 2880, 81279). Dorsal-fin origin at about same level as pelvic-fin insertions (Ref. 2880, 80290, 81279). Gill rakers few (5-9/9-12) but rather long (Ref. 2880, 80290, 81279), about equal to the length of gill filaments (Ref. 28714). Tips of adipose and dorsal fins black; forked edge of caudal fin black (Ref. 2880, 80290, 81279). Dark caudal fin coloration may also extend unto median caudal rays, forming crescent-shaped blotch (Ref. 80290, 81279). Dark longitudinal streaks present above the lateral line (Ref. 28714).
身體輪廓比較不細長超過 H. forskalii. 眼 <70% 的眼間隔。 長的鰓耙。 脂鰭與背鰭黑色的頂端。 尾鰭黑色的分叉邊緣。
Prefers warm, well-oxygenated water, mainly larger rivers and lakes; all but the largest form roving schools of like-sized fish; aptly described as fierce and voracious; diet increasingly piscivorous, becoming exclusive fish feeders when above 90-100 mm length; feeds on whatever prey is most abundant but Brycinus, Micralestes, Barbus, and Limnothrissa are favored (Ref. 7248, 52193). Piscivorous, but may also eat Caridina and insects (Ref. 28714). Useful food fish in some areas (Ref. 4967).
偏愛溫暖的,溶氧量高的水, 主要比較大的河川與湖泊。 所有的除了最大的形式之外游動魚群相似的-大小了魚; 適當地描述為凶猛而狼吞虎嚥的。 吃任何的獵物是最豐富的但是 Brycinus ， Micralestes ， Barbus 與 Limnothrissa 被偏愛.(參考文獻 7248) 在一些地區的有用食用魚.(參考文獻 4967)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
非洲: 尼日/Benoue ， Oueme ，塞內加爾，尼羅河， Omo ，剛果， Lufira ，盧阿拉巴河， Luapula ， Zambeze ，凌波波河， Rovuma ，海岸， Rufiji ， Ruaha ， Wami 與 Ruvu。 湖 - Bangweolo ， Moero ，坦噶尼喀， Upemba ，魯誇與 Malagarazi。 也奧塔萬戈河與海岸系統的下游南至澎哥洛河。 (參考文獻 7248) 也發現於卡裡巴湖。 (參考文獻 27602)
Paugy, D. and S.A. Schaefer, 2007. Alestidae. p. 347-411. In M.L.J. Stiassny, G.G. Teugels and C.D. Hopkins (eds.) Poissons d'eaux douces et saumâtres de basse Guinée, ouest de l'Afrique centrale/The fresh and brackish water fishes of Lower Guinea, west-central Africa. Vol. 1. Coll. Faune et Flore tropicales 42. Istitut de recherche pour le développement, Paris, France, Muséum nationale d'histoire naturelle, Paris, France and Musée royale de l'Afrique centrale, Tervuren, Belgique. 800 p. (Ref. 80290)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 30 April 2018
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00834 - 0.01314), b=3.03 (2.97 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.7 (3.0 - 5.0) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 14
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.20-0.30; tmax=11).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 69.1 [24.4, 163.4] mg/100g; Iron = 1.47 [0.76, 3.56] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [17.4, 21.7] %; Omega3 = 0.462 [0.179, 1.253] g/100g; Selenium = 75 [30, 165] μg/100g; VitaminA = 30.6 [9.0, 102.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.887 [0.602, 1.339] mg/100g (wet weight);
