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Tetraodontiformes (Puffers and filefishes) >
Balistidae (Triggerfishes)
Etymology: Canthidermis: Greek, kanthos = the outer or inner corner of the eye, where the lids meet, 1646 + Greek, derma = skin (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Mitchill.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut berasosiasi dengan karang; kisaran kedalaman 5 - 60 m (Ref. 36453), usually 5 - 30 m (Ref. 40849). Tropical; 43°N - 17°S
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (USA), Bermuda, and northern Gulf of Mexico to South America. Eastern Atlantic: St. Paul's Rocks, Ascension, Cape Verde and St. Helena (Ref. 5288); Sao Tome Island (Ref. 34088). Stray recod from Canada (Ref. 5951).
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 65.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 9710); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 6.1 kg (Ref. 40637)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 3; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 25 - 28; Duri dubur: 0; Sirip dubur lunak: 23 - 25. Soft dorsal and anal fins very elevated anteriorly, the longest rays nearly as long as head; caudal fin double-emarginate, brownish gray with a large dark brown spot at base of pectoral fins (Ref. 13442).
Common near drop-offs of seaward reefs (Ref. 9710). Occasionally in shallow water. Solitary or in small groups in open water. Often associated with Sargassum (Ref. 9710). Feeds mainly on large zooplankton. Minimum depth reported from Ref. 13121.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larva
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial; Ikan buruan: ya; Akuarium: Komersial
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.7 - 28.6, mean 27.3 °C (based on 770 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02455 (0.01549 - 0.03890), b=2.90 (2.77 - 3.03), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 30 [12, 74] mg/100g; Iron = 0.543 [0.277, 1.212] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [16.5, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.108 [0.055, 0.213] g/100g; Selenium = 43.9 [22.5, 93.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 33.3 [9.5, 119.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.822 [0.559, 1.238] mg/100g (wet weight);
